Level, distribution, ecological, and human health risk assessment of heavy metals in soils and stream sediments around a used-automobile spare part market in Nigeria

Kolawole, Tesleem O.; Ajibade, Olumuyiwa Michael; Olajide-Kayode, Jerry Olugbenga; Fomba, Khanneh Wadinga

doi:10.1007/s10653-022-01283-z

Cited by 21 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The presence of iron observed in this study can be explained by the fact that natural soils inherently contain substantial concentrations of iron. Furthermore, the presence of iron can also be attributed to wear on automobile crankshafts and damage to vehicle bodies 78 , 79 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial variability of heavy metals concentrations in soil of auto-mechanic workshop clusters in Nsukka, Nigeria

Duru,

Echiegu,

Anyadike

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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The indiscriminate disposal of spent engine oils and other hazardous waste at auto mechanic workshops clusters in Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria is an environmental concern. This study examines the concentration of heavy metals in the soil inside the workshop cluster and in the unpolluted soil outside the workshop cluster at approximately 100 m. Ten sampling points were randomly selected from within the cluster and another ten from outside the cluster. Using a hand-held Global Positioning System, the coordinates of the selected points were established and used to create a digital map. Soil samples at depths of 0–30 cm and 30–60 cm, were analyzed for Cu, Fe, Zn, Pb, As and Cd using Spectrophotometer. Moisture content determination and particle size analysis were also done on the samples. Spatial variability of heavy metals concentrations of the studied site was also mapped with ArcGIS 10.2.2 using interpolation methods. Results showed that the soil ranged from sandy loam to sandy clay loam. Cadmium and Zinc had the lowest and highest concentration, respectively, in the studied area. Comparing the concentrations of heavy metals in soils within and outside the auto mechanic cluster revealed notable differences across various depths (0–30 cm and 30–60 cm). The analysis results for soil samples within the cluster exhibited concentration levels (mg/kg) ranging from 0.716–0.751 (Cu), 2.981–3.327 (Fe), 23.464–30.113 (Zn), 1.115–1.21 (Pb), 2.6–2.912 (As), and 0.133–0.365 (Cd) demonstrating a variation pattern in the order of Zn > Fe > As > Pb > Cu > Cd. Conversely, for soil samples outside the cluster, concentration levels (mg/kg) ranged from 0.611–0.618 (Cu), 2.233–2.516 (Fe), 12.841–15.736 (Zn), 0.887–0.903 (Pb), 1.669–1.911 (As), and 0.091–0.091 (Cd). To assess the disparity in heavy metal concentration levels between samples collected within and outside the clusters, ANOVA test was performed. The test showed significant difference in heavy metal concentrations between samples within and outside the auto mechanic cluster (p < 0.05), implying auto mechanic activities significantly impact heavy metal levels within the cluster compared to outside areas. The assessment of soil pollution utilized indices including the Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo), Contamination factor (Cf), and anthropogenic metal concentration (QoC). Zinc, Cadmium, and Arsenic showed the highest contamination factors, indicating significant soil contamination likely due to anthropogenic activities. The concentrations of the metals analyzed were within WHO permissible limits while the metals concentrations were also observed to decrease as depth was increased. Using ArcGIS 10.2.2, spatial maps showing heavy metal distribution were developed, with the Kriging method proving superior. This study suggests that heavy metal levels in the soil at the area be monitored on a regular basis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial variability of heavy metals concentrations in soil of auto-mechanic workshop clusters in Nsukka, Nigeria

Duru,

Echiegu,

Anyadike

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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“…Bawa-Allah (2023) conducted a meta-analysis on heavy metal pollution in Nigerian surface freshwaters and sediment, emphasizing significant pollution and associated risks. Kolawole et al (2023) assessed the levels, distribution, and ecological risks of heavy metals in sediment around a used-automobile spare part market in Nigeria, revealing elevated concentrations of heavy metals and potential ecological risks. Sule et al (2023) assessed the ecological and human health risks of heavy metals in sediment and demersal fish species in Western Offshore Nigeria, Gulf of Guinea, highlighting potential risks to the ecosystem and human health Heavy metals in Nigerian Soils: A comprehensive examination of heavy metal distribution in Nigerian soils has been conducted through various research studies, shedding light on the sources, concentrations, and potential ecological and human health risks associated with these contaminants.…”

Section: Heavy Metals In Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing Heavy Metal Pollution in Nigeria: Evaluating Policies, Assessing Impacts, and Enhancing Remediation Strategies

Ogbeide,

Henry

2024

jasem

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Heavy metal pollution is a significant environmental concern in Nigeria, posing risks to ecological integrity and public health. This study aims to evaluate the existing policies and regulations addressing heavy metal pollution, assess their effectiveness, and propose recommendations for improvement. The analysis reveals that while Nigeria has established a robust legislative framework, challenges in implementation, enforcement, and funding persist. The impact of reducing heavy metal pollution is influenced by resource constraints, limited capacity, and the need for stronger collaboration between regulatory bodies and industries. Community involvement and education play a crucial role in managing heavy metal pollution, emphasizing the importance of awareness, sustainable practices, and local engagement. Remediation strategies, such as bioremediation and phytoremediation, offer potential solutions. However, gaps in knowledge and research exist, calling for long-term monitoring, ecological impact assessments, and comprehensive health risk assessments. To enhance the effectiveness of current policies, periodic reviews, increased funding, and community-based monitoring programs are recommended. By addressing these gaps and implementing the proposed recommendations, Nigeria can make significant strides towards mitigating heavy metal pollution and achieving environmental sustainability.

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“…Saha explored different types of GIS spatial interpolation methods, and the final results show that the inverse distance weighting method (IDW) is the optimal interpolation model for studying the spatial distribution pattern of toxic metal content (Saha et al, 2022). Sediment quality guidelines (SQG), pollution load index (PLI), and human health risk assessment have been widely applied to metal ion hazard assessment in various regions (Kolawole et al, 2022;Lim et al, 2022;Mor et al, 2022;Tnoumi et al, 2022;Zhang et al, 2022a). Xu studied the Hulan River Basin and found that Cd has caused serious biological risk in estuarine areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution, sources, and risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments from industrial areas in the Kuye River Basin in Shenmu, China

Wang,

Liu,

Wei

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Metal pollution of river sediments in industrial areas has attracted widespread attention. In this study, 11 metal ions (including Fe, Al, Mn, Ag, Cd, Cr, As, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Ni) were determined and analyzed in river sediments of typical industrial areas in the Kuye River Basin, a first-level tributary of the Yellow River. The geological accumulation index, enrichment factor, and pollution load index indicated that the metal ions in this area were enriched and polluted to different degrees. The spatial distribution of the 8 kinds of heavy metals showed that the content in the upstream and downstream was higher, and the middle reaches were lower. The heavy metals mainly came from local industrial activities, coal mining and transportation, and soil weathering, Human activities were the main reasons for the dramatic spatial changes and high levels of heavy metals. Mass inventories of metal ions in sediments should not be ignored. The results of the combined potential ecological risk index and sediment quality guidelines showed that the ecological risk downstream of the area was high, and Ni and Pb have caused adverse biological reactions. The human carcinogenic risk assessment result showed that the non-carcinogenic hazard quotient of metal ions in the study area was at an acceptable level, but the carcinogenic risk level of Ni and Cr was higher than 10− 4, which was an unacceptable level and must be got enough recognition. The results of this study can provide theoretical support for the pollution control and environmental restoration of rivers in energy-enriched areas.

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Level, distribution, ecological, and human health risk assessment of heavy metals in soils and stream sediments around a used-automobile spare part market in Nigeria

Cited by 21 publications

References 60 publications

Spatial variability of heavy metals concentrations in soil of auto-mechanic workshop clusters in Nsukka, Nigeria

Spatial variability of heavy metals concentrations in soil of auto-mechanic workshop clusters in Nsukka, Nigeria

Addressing Heavy Metal Pollution in Nigeria: Evaluating Policies, Assessing Impacts, and Enhancing Remediation Strategies

Spatial distribution, sources, and risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments from industrial areas in the Kuye River Basin in Shenmu, China

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