Lexical Access Restrictions after the Age of 80

Rojas, Carlos; Riffo, Bernardo; San Martín, Marilyn; Guerra, Ernesto

doi:10.3390/brainsci13091343

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 42 publications

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“…For example, there are studies on the role of lexical access during language acquisition in early childhood ( Dale and Fenson, 1996 ; Dromi, 1999 ) or studies on lexical availability in school and university students ( Barbeiro et al, 2011 ; Richter et al, 2013 ; Ludewig et al, 2022 ). Many studies also document word retrieval difficulties in old age ( Rojas et al, 2023 ) or verbal fluency difficulties in individuals with cognitive impairment or dementia ( Henderson et al, 2023 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applicability and usefulness of pupillometry in the study of lexical access. A scoping review of primary research

Rojas,

Vega-Rodríguez,

Lagos

et al. 2024

Front. Psychol.

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Pupil dilation has been associated with the effort required to perform various cognitive tasks. At the lexical level, some studies suggest that this neurophysiological measure would provide objective, real-time information during word processing and lexical access. However, due to the scarcity and incipient advancement of this line of research, its applicability, use, and sensitivity are not entirely clear. This scoping review aims to determine the applicability and usefulness of pupillometry in the study of lexical access by providing an up-to-date overview of research in this area. Following the PRISMA protocol, 16 articles were included in this review. The results show that pupillometry is a highly applicable, useful, and sensitive method for assessing lexical skills of word recognition, word retrieval, and semantic activation. Moreover, it easily fits into traditional research paradigms and methods in the field. Because it is a non-invasive, objective, and automated procedure, it can be applied to any population or age group. However, the emerging development of this specific area of research and the methodological diversity observed in the included studies do not yet allow for definitive conclusions in this area, which in turn does not allow for meta-analyses or fully conclusive statements about what the pupil response actually reflects when processing words. Standardized pupillary recording and analysis methods need to be defined to generate more accurate, replicable research designs with more reliable results to strengthen this line of research.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applicability and usefulness of pupillometry in the study of lexical access. A scoping review of primary research

Rojas,

Vega-Rodríguez,

Lagos

et al. 2024

Front. Psychol.

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Reading Comprehension in Older Adults—Effects of Age, Educational Level, and Reading Habits

Riffo,

Rojas,

Helo

et al. 2024

J. Intell.

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Older adults in the third-age group (60–79 years) maintain reading comprehension skills similar to those of younger adults, but little is known about individuals in the fourth age (80+ years). This study investigates differences in reading comprehension in a between-group design. We evaluated a sample of 150 older adults, comprising 86 third-age and 64 fourth-age participants. We examined the influence of sex, cognitive functioning, formal education, self-perceived reading difficulties, and reading habits on their text comprehension abilities. The results show that fourth-age adults have a significant decline in reading comprehension compared to third-age adults. Strong reading habits were positively associated with better comprehension across both groups, suggesting that regular reading may buffer against age-related cognitive decline. Poor readers read less frequently and perceived greater difficulty with the tasks. Cognitive functioning and education did not significantly influence comprehension—possibly due to the generally low education levels in the sample. However, strong reading habits appeared to compensate for these limitations. These findings suggest a potential protective role of lifelong reading habits and highlight the need for interventions to support reading skills in older adults, especially those with lower educational backgrounds. Future research should explore these dynamics further to enhance cognitive resilience in the oldest populations.

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Lexical Access Restrictions after the Age of 80

Cited by 2 publications

References 42 publications

Applicability and usefulness of pupillometry in the study of lexical access. A scoping review of primary research

Applicability and usefulness of pupillometry in the study of lexical access. A scoping review of primary research

Reading Comprehension in Older Adults—Effects of Age, Educational Level, and Reading Habits

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