Life expectancy, healthy life expectancy, and burden of disease in older people in the Americas, 1990–2019: a population-based study

Martínez, Ramón; Morsch, Patrícia; Soliz, Patricia; Hommes, Carolina; Ordúñez, Pedro; Vega, Enrique

doi:10.26633/rpsp.2021.114

Cited by 44 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Ischemic heart disease, stroke and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were the leading causes of premature mortality. Diabetes mellitus, age-related and other hearing loss, and lower back pain were responsible for most disability [ 8 ]. Evidence indicates that most of the causes of mortality that are decreasing life expectancy in LAC are potentially avoidable [ 9 ].…”

Section: Increased Life Expectancy But With a Lesser Healthspanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthcare for older people in Central and South America

Robledo¹,

Cano-Gutiérrez

García

2022

Age and Ageing

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Latin American countries (LAC), with their culturally and ethnically diverse populations, form a region that is difficult to define and to understand. The region’s health systems are deeply fragmented, which poses great challenges to overall equity levels in health. This is also one of the fastest ageing regions in the world, with increasing demands as well for acute and long-term care (LTC). Demographic and epidemiological transitions across the region are heterogeneous. In this context, health systems are in general, largely unprepared to face the challenge of promoting healthy ageing. This unpreparedness has been magnified by the Coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic. Here, we analyse the burden of disease in the older population and identify priorities to improve the care and quality of life for people living in LAC. Besides an adequately prepared workforce, we must remediate disparities and inequities; develop and implement integrated care; achieve patient-centred care and further develop palliative and end-of-life care; simultaneously, we must develop the structure and financing of LTC services and strengthen the role of public health making healthy ageing an essential component.

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Section: Increased Life Expectancy But With a Lesser Healthspanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthcare for older people in Central and South America

Robledo¹,

Cano-Gutiérrez

García

2022

Age and Ageing

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“…D urante las últimas décadas, las mejoras sociales y sanitarias que han ocurrido en diversos países a lo largo del mundo han llevado a un proceso de acelerado envejecimiento de la población. Si bien estas señales de desarrollo son positivas, en muchos casos la mayor esperanza de vida de los países no se traduce en años de vida saludables, esto es, la gente vive más tiempo, pero parte importante de esos años añadidos de vida son vividos con enfermedad o discapacidad (GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators 2020; Martínez et al 2021). En 2015, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) publicó el Informe Mundial sobre el Envejecimiento y la Salud, donde establece la importancia de esclarecer la calidad de vida con la que estos años añadidos de vida son vividos por la población, de manera de priorizar políticas públicas que den respuestas justas y equitativas:…”

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Cuidados en la agenda política: propuestas y brechas a partir de la campaña presidencial de 2021

Villalobos¹,

Alliende²,

Browne³

et al. 2023

cep

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El debate sobre los cuidados de largo plazo (CLP) y la necesidad de establecer sistemas de CLP ha alcanzado un consenso mundial, con organizaciones internacionales como la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) que alientan a los países a actuar al respecto. Durante las pasadas elecciones presidenciales en Chile, varios candidatos hicieron propuestas señalando la necesidad de implementar nuevas soluciones para hacer frente a las crecientes demandas de servicios de cuidados en el país. Estas propuestas —que incluyen a los CLP, pero también otras dimensiones de los cuidados— fueron novedosas en el debate político y representan un paso importante en la adopción de respuestas integrales a las necesidades de CLP en Chile. Utilizando el marco de sistemas de CLP de la OMS, este artículo analizó las propuestas realizadas durante la campaña presidencial de 2021 en Chile, identificando áreas cubiertas y brechas en las propuestas de los distintos candidatos. Los resultados muestran que en las propuestas predominan dimensiones como la gobernanza del sistema de CLP, la fuerza laboral y la prestación de servicios, con brechas importantes en cuanto a financiamiento, información y estrategias de innovación del sistema. Los hallazgos son relevantes para respaldar el esfuerzo del nuevo gobierno en la implementación de un sistema de CLP en Chile, en particular considerando que la instalación de un sistema nacional de cuidados es uno de los principales desafíos que ha decidido enfrentar el nuevo gobierno, con el anhelo de, además, iluminar las discusiones políticas de otros países sobre el desarrollo de sistemas y políticas de CLP.

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“…In addition, important disparities between and within countries in the Americas persist ( 3 ). This observation is concerning because of the effect of the CVD burden on life expectancy and healthy life expectancy, especially in people aged 65+ years ( 4 ). These findings suggest that traditional risk-reduction strategies for the prevention of CVD, population high risk, and health system strategies, are not working sufficiently well and that new approaches are urgently needed to reduce the burden of CVD-related disease in the general population.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2019, ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke were the first-and the second-leading causes of death, and the firstand the fourth-leading causes of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), respectively, in the Region of the Americas (1,2). However, although age-standardized death and DALY rates for cardiovascular disease (CVD) decreased substantially between 4 The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States of America. ORCID 0000-0001-5733-6283 1990 and 2017, there has been a slowdown and stagnation in the rate of reduction in recent years.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between population hypertension control and ischemic heart disease and stroke mortality in 36 countries of the Americas, 1990-2019: an ecological study

Martínez

Soliz

Campbell

et al. 2022

Revista Panamericana De Salud Pública

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Objective. To quantify the association between the prevalence of population hypertension control and ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke mortality in 36 countries of the Americas from 1990 to 2019. Methods. This ecologic study uses the prevalence of hypertension, awareness, treatment, and control from the NCD-RisC and IHD and stroke mortality from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Regression analysis was used to assess time trends and the association between population hypertension control and mortality. Results. Between 1990 and 2019, age-standardized death rates due to IHD and stroke declined annually by 2.2% (95% confidence intervals: –2.4 to –2.1) and 1.8% (–1.9 to –1.6), respectively. The annual reduction rate in IHD and stroke mortality deaccelerated to –1% (–1.2 to –0.8) during 2000-2019. From 1990 to 2019, the prevalence of hypertension controlled to a systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≤140/90 mmHg increased by 3.2% (3.1 to 3.2) annually. Population hypertension control showed an inverse association with IHD and stroke mortality, respectively, regionwide and in all but 3 out of 36 countries. Regionwide, for every 1% increase in population hypertension control, our data predicted a reduction of 2.9% (–2.94 to –2.85) in IHD deaths per 100 000 population, equivalent to an averted 25 639 deaths (2.5 deaths per 100 000 population) and 2.37% (–2.41 to –2.33) in stroke deaths per 100 000 population, equivalent to an averted 9 650 deaths (1 death per 100 000 population). Conclusion. There is a strong ecological negative association between IHD and stroke mortality and population hypertension control. Countries with the best performance in hypertension control showed better progress in reducing CVD mortality. Prediction models have implications for hypertension management in most populations in the Region of the Americas and other parts of the world.

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Life expectancy, healthy life expectancy, and burden of disease in older people in the Americas, 1990–2019: a population-based study

Cited by 44 publications

References 22 publications

Healthcare for older people in Central and South America

Healthcare for older people in Central and South America

Cuidados en la agenda política: propuestas y brechas a partir de la campaña presidencial de 2021

Association between population hypertension control and ischemic heart disease and stroke mortality in 36 countries of the Americas, 1990-2019: an ecological study

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