Life Satisfaction and Depression among Retired Black Persons

Farakhan, Asia; Lubin, Bernard; O'Connor, William A.

doi:10.2466/pr0.1984.55.2.452

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Papers were screened and selected, as illustrated in Fig. 1 (1548 records were excluded after first screening; six reports were not retrieved in full text; 24 were excluded with reasons), resulting in 41 papers meeting our inclusion criteria (Farakhan et al ., 1984 ; Borson et al ., 1986 ; Herzog et al ., 1991 ; Pahkala et al ., 1992 ; Midanik et al ., 1995 ; Reitzes et al ., 1996 ; Fernandez et al ., 1998 ; Kim and Moen, 2002 ; Buxton et al ., 2005 ; Tuohy et al ., 2005 ; Butterworth et al ., 2006 ; Mojon-Azzi et al ., 2007 ; Alavinia and Burdorf, 2008 ; Schwingel et al ., 2009 ; Coursolle et al ., 2010 ; Behncke, 2012 ; Calvo et al ., 2013 ; Choi et al ., 2013 ; Gayman et al ., 2013 ; Leinonen et al ., 2013 ; Airagnes et al ., 2015 , 2016 ; Bretanha et al ., 2015 ; Olesen et al ., 2015 ; Belloni et al ., 2016 ; Calvó-Perxas et al ., 2016 ; Mosca and Barrett, 2016 ; Park and Kang, 2016 ; Rhee et al ., 2016 ; Heller-Sahlgren, 2017 ; Shiba et al ., 2017 ; Arias-De La Torre et al ., 2018 ; Augner, 2018 ; Fernández-Niño et al ., 2018 ; Sheppard and Wallace, 2018 ; Van Den Bogaard and Henkens, 2018 ; Anxo et al ., 2019 ; Kolodziej and García-Gómez, 2019 ; Noh et al ., 2019 ; Matta et al ., 2020 ; Han, 2021 ). Characteristics of included studies are reported in Table 2 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Twenty-one studies (51.2%) had a cross-sectional study design, while only one study reported both cross-sectional and longitudinal data (Schwingel et al ., 2009 ). Overall, sample sizes of included studies ranged from 30 (Farakhan et al ., 1984 ) to 245 082 subjects (Olesen et al ., 2015 ) (mean: 14 423 subjects, median: 4189 subjects); longitudinal studies sample sizes ranged between 458 and 245 082 subjects (mean: 21 884 subjects, median: 7134 subjects). The majority of included study populations’ age ranged between 45 and 80 years ( n = 38, 92.7%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does retirement trigger depressive symptoms? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Odone

Gianfredi

Vigezzi

et al. 2021

Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci

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Aims Retirement is a major life transition that may improve or worsen mental health, including depression. Existing studies provide contradictory results. We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis to quantitatively pool available evidence on the association of retirement and depressive symptoms. Methods We applied PRISMA guidelines to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to retrieve, quantitatively pool and critically evaluate the association between retirement and both incident and prevalent depression and to understand better the potential role of individual and contextual-level determinants. Relevant original studies were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library, through 4 March 2021. Subgroup and sensitivity meta-analyses were conducted by gender, study design (longitudinal v. cross-sectional studies), study quality score (QS) and considering studies using validated scales to diagnose depression. Heterogeneity between studies was evaluated with I2 statistics. Results Forty-one original studies met our a priori defined inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis on more than half a million subjects (n = 557 111) from 60 datasets suggested a protective effect of retirement on the risk of depression [effect size (ES) = 0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.74–0.93], although with high statistical heterogeneity between risk estimates (χ2 = 895.19, df = 59, I2 = 93.41%, p-value < 0.0001). Funnel plot asymmetry and trim and fill method suggested a minor potential publication bias. Results were consistent, confirm their robustness and suggest stronger protective effects when progressively restricting the included studies based on quality criteria: (i) studies with the highest QS [55 datasets, 407 086 subjects, ES = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.71–0.91], (ii) studies with a high QS and using validated assessment tools to diagnose depression (44 datasets, 239 453 subjects, ES = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.65–0.88) and (iii) studies of high quality, using a validated tool and with a longitudinal design (24 datasets, 162 004 subjects, ES = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.64–0.90). We observed a progressive reduction in funnel plot asymmetry. About gender, no statistically significant difference was found (females ES = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.61–1.02 v. men ES = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.68–1.11). Conclusions Pooled data suggested that retirement reduces by nearly 20% the risk of depression; such estimates got stronger when limiting the analysis to longitudinal and high-quality studies, even if results are affected by high heterogeneity. As retirement seems to have an independent and protective effect on mental health and depressive symptoms, greater flexibility in retirement timing should be granted to older workers to reduce their mental burden and avoid the development of severe depression. Retirement may also be identified as a target moment for preventive interventions, particularly primary and secondary prevention, to promote health and wellbeing in older ages, boosting the observed impact.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does retirement trigger depressive symptoms? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Odone

Gianfredi

Vigezzi

et al. 2021

Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] Most of these studies showed an association between religiosity and wellbeing even after controlling for age, gender and socioeconomic status. Some studies have shown that the positive impact of religious involvement on well-being is more robust among the elderly, disabled, and medically ill people.…”

Section: Psychological Well-beingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Religiousness and mental health: a review

Moreira‐Almeida

Neto

Koenig

2006

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

524

178

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Religiousness and mental health: a review Religiosidade e saúde mental: uma revisão A b s t r a c t Objective: The relationship between religiosity and mental health has been a perennial source of controversy. This paper reviews the scientific evidence available for the relationship between religion and mental health. Method: The authors present the main studies and conclusions of a larger systematic review of 850 studies on the religion-mental health relationship published during the 20 th Century identified through several databases. The present paper also includes an update on the papers published since 2000, including researches performed in Brazil and a brief historical and methodological background. Discussion: The majority of well-conducted studies found that higher levels of religious involvement are positively associated with indicators of psychological well-being (life satisfaction, happiness, positive affect, and higher morale) and with less depression, suicidal thoughts and behavior, drug/alcohol use/abuse. Usually the positive impact of religious involvement on mental health is more robust among people under stressful circumstances (the elderly, and those with disability and medical illness). Theoretical pathways of the religiousness-mental health connection and clinical implications of these findings are also discussed. Conclusions: There is evidence that religious involvement is usually associated with better mental health. We need to improve our understanding of the mediating factors of this association and its use in clinical practice.Keywords: Mental health; Religion; Religion and Medicine; Religion and Psychology; Spirituality Resumo Objetivo: A relação entre religiosidade e saúde mental tem sido uma perene fonte de controvérsias. O presente artigo revisa a evidência científica disponível sobre a relação entre religião e saúde mental. Método: Os autores apresentam os principais estudos e as conclusões de uma revisão sistemática abrangente dos estudos sobre a relação religião-saúde mental. Utilizando-se de várias bases de dados, a revisão identificou 850 artigos publicados ao longo do século XX. O presente artigo também inclui uma breve contextualização histórica e metodológica, além de uma atualização com artigos publicados após 2000 e a descrição de pesquisas conduzidas no Brasil. Discussão: A ampla maioria dos estudos de boa qualidade encontrou que maiores níveis de envolvimento religioso estão associados positivamente a indicadores de bem estar psicológico (satisfação com a vida, felicidade, afeto positivo e moral mais elevado) e a menos depressão, pensamentos e comportamentos suicidas, uso/abuso de álcool/drogas. Habitualmente, o impacto positivo do envolvimento religioso na saúde mental é mais intenso entre pessoas sob estresse (idosos, e aqueles com deficiências e doenças clínicas). Mecanismos teóricos da conexão religiosidade-saúde mental e as implicações clínicas destes achados são discutidos. Conclusões: Há evidência suficiente disponível para se afirmar que o envolvimento religioso h...

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“…Farakhan et al (1984) also found relatively high levels of life satisfaction among retired black elderly in Kansas City. Similar results came from another large-scale multicthnic survey of the elderly in New York City, where Cantor and associates (1985) found higher levels of family assistance and family solidarity differentiated Hispanics from blacks and whites.…”

Section: The Quadruple Jeopardy Perspective On Aging Minority Womenmentioning

confidence: 77%

Aging Minority Women

Padgett

1989

Women & Health

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Life Satisfaction and Depression among Retired Black Persons

Cited by 8 publications

References 4 publications

Does retirement trigger depressive symptoms? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Does retirement trigger depressive symptoms? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Religiousness and mental health: a review

Aging Minority Women

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