Life-span exposure to sinusoidal-50 Hz magnetic field and acute low-dose γ radiation induce carcinogenic effects in Sprague-Dawley rats

Soffritti, Morando; Tibaldi, Eva; Padovani, Michela; Hoel, David G.; Giuliani, Livio; Bua, Luciano; Lauriola, Michelina; Falcioni, Laura; Manservigi, Marco; Manservisi, Fabiana; Panzacchi, Simona; Belpoggi, Fiorella

doi:10.3109/09553002.2016.1144942

Cited by 31 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…For example, rats treated with aspartame at low doses from pre‐natal life have been reported to develop higher incidence of malignant tumours compared with rats first treated at maturity. In agreement with the low‐dose hypothesis of carcinogenesis, rats exposed to 50 Hz magnetic fields during pre‐natal have been shown to later exhibit enhanced carcinogenic‐induced responses to formaldehyde and gamma radiation . These experimental examples demonstrate how early‐life exposures may potentially impact disease risks in later life, sometimes after a substantial latency period.…”

Section: Vulnerable Developmentsupporting

confidence: 58%

Timescales of developmental toxicity impacting on research and needs for intervention

Grandjean

Abdennebi-Najar

Barouki

et al. 2018

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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Much progress has happened in understanding developmental vulnerability to preventable environmental hazards. Along with the improved insight, the perspective has widened, and developmental toxicity now involves latent effects that can result in delayed adverse effects in adults or at old age and additional effects that can be transgenerationally transferred to future generations. Although epidemiology and toxicology to an increasing degree are exploring the adverse effects from developmental exposures in human beings, the improved documentation has resulted in little progress in protection, and few environmental chemicals are currently regulated to protect against developmental toxicity, whether it be neurotoxicity, endocrine disruption or other adverse outcome. The desire to obtain a high degree of certainty and verification of the evidence used for decision-making must be weighed against the costs and necessary duration of research, as well as the long-term costs to human health because of delayed protection of vulnerable early-life stages of human development and, possibly, future generations. Although two-generation toxicology tests may be useful for initial test purposes, other rapidly emerging tools need to be seriously considered from computational chemistry and metabolomics to CLARITY-BPA-type designs, big data and population record linkage approaches that will allow efficient generation of new insight; epigenetic mechanisms may necessitate a set of additional regulatory tests to reveal such effects. As reflected by the Prenatal Programming and Toxicity (PPTOX) VI conference, the current scientific understanding and the timescales involved require an intensified approach to protect against preventable adverse health effects that can harm the next generation and generations to come. While further research is needed, the main emphasis should be on research translation and timely public health intervention to avoid serious, irreversible and perhaps transgenerational harm.

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Section: Vulnerable Developmentsupporting

confidence: 58%

Timescales of developmental toxicity impacting on research and needs for intervention

Grandjean

Abdennebi-Najar

Barouki

et al. 2018

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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“…The results of the present study suggest that direction of the ELF field is an important experimental parameter and might be critical for induction of biological effects. It may be of interest that horizontal 50 Hz MFs were used in the recent animal carcinogenicity study reporting positive findings [21]. The results of the present study also show that the difference in the biological effects of vertical and horizontal ELF magnetic fields is similar in two different in vitro experimental models, exposed using two different exposure systems to two different ELF frequencies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Direction-Dependent Effects of Combined Static and ELF Magnetic Fields on Cell Proliferation and Superoxide Radical Production

Naarala

Kesari

McClure

et al. 2017

BioMed Research International

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Proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells was stimulated by a nearly vertical 60 or 120 μT static magnetic field (MF) in comparison to cells that were shielded against MFs. When the static field was combined with an extremely low frequency (ELF) MF (18 Hz, 30 μT), proliferation was suppressed by a horizontal but not by a vertical ELF field. As these results suggested that the effects of an ELF MF depend on its direction in relation to the static MF, independent experiments were carried out to confirm such dependence using 50 Hz MFs and a different experimental model. Cytosolic superoxide level in rat glioma C6 cells exposed in the presence of a nearly vertical 33 μT static MF was increased by a horizontal 50 Hz, 30 μT MF, but not affected by a vertical 50 Hz MF. The results suggest that a weak ELF MF may interact with the static geomagnetic field in producing biological effects, but the effect depends on the relative directions of the static and ELF MFs.

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“…Evidence indicated that both TGFβ and p53 pathways might be involved in mammary tumor susceptibility to non-targeted radiation [31]. Single or repeated low-dose irradiation could result in accumulation of persisting DNA damage foci in cortical neurons, adversely affecting brain tissue and increasing the risk of carcinogenesis [32, 33]. Although such findings from animal experiments are not directly applicable to humans, these data can substantially add to our knowledge on the relationship between a wide range of ionizing radiation dose and cancer risk [34].…”

Section: Ldir and Ldrir-induced Bionegative Effects In Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-dose or low-dose-rate ionizing radiation–induced bioeffects in animal models

Tang

Loke

Khoo

2016

Journal of Radiation Research

120

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Animal experimental studies indicate that acute or chronic low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) (≤100 mSv) or low-dose-rate ionizing radiation (LDRIR) (<6 mSv/h) exposures may be harmful. It induces genetic and epigenetic changes and is associated with a range of physiological disturbances that includes altered immune system, abnormal brain development with resultant cognitive impairment, cataractogenesis, abnormal embryonic development, circulatory diseases, weight gain, premature menopause in female animals, tumorigenesis and shortened lifespan. Paternal or prenatal LDIR/LDRIR exposure is associated with reduced fertility and number of live fetuses, and transgenerational genomic aberrations. On the other hand, in some experimental studies, LDIR/LDRIR exposure has also been reported to bring about beneficial effects such as reduction in tumorigenesis, prolonged lifespan and enhanced fertility. The differences in reported effects of LDIR/LDRIR exposure are dependent on animal genetic background (susceptibility), age (prenatal or postnatal days), sex, nature of radiation exposure (i.e. acute, fractionated or chronic radiation exposure), type of radiation, combination of radiation with other toxic agents (such as smoking, pesticides or other chemical toxins) or animal experimental designs. In this review paper, we aimed to update radiation researchers and radiologists on the current progress achieved in understanding the LDIR/LDRIR-induced bionegative and biopositive effects reported in the various animal models. The roles played by a variety of molecules that are implicated in LDIR/LDRIR-induced health effects will be elaborated. The review will help in future investigations of LDIR/LDRIR-induced health effects by providing clues for designing improved animal research models in order to clarify the current controversial/contradictory findings from existing studies.

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Life-span exposure to sinusoidal-50 Hz magnetic field and acute low-dose γ radiation induce carcinogenic effects in Sprague-Dawley rats

Cited by 31 publications

References 43 publications

Timescales of developmental toxicity impacting on research and needs for intervention

Timescales of developmental toxicity impacting on research and needs for intervention

Direction-Dependent Effects of Combined Static and ELF Magnetic Fields on Cell Proliferation and Superoxide Radical Production

Low-dose or low-dose-rate ionizing radiation–induced bioeffects in animal models

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