Lifecycle Management in the Smart City Context: Smart Parking Use-Case

Abstract

Abstract. Lifecycle management enables enterprises to manage their products, services and product-service bundles. IoT and CPS have made products and services smarter by closing the loop of data across different phases of lifecycle. Similarly, CPS and IoT empower cities with real-time data streams from heterogeneous objects. Yet, cities are smarter and more powerful when relevant data can be exchanged between different systems across different domains. From engineering perspective, smart city can be seen as a System of Systems composed of interrelated/ interdependent smart systems and objects. To better integrate people, processes, and systems in the smart city ecosystem, this paper discusses the use of Lifecycle Management in the smart city context. Considering the differences between ordinary and smart service systems, this paper seeks better understanding of lifecycle aspects in the smart city context. For better understanding, some of the discussed lifecycle aspects are demonstrated in a smart parking use-case.

Long-term Preservation of Electronic Record Based on Digital Continuity in Smart Cities

“…This framework believes that smart cities should integrate government, residential communities, economy, infrastructure and natural environment from the perspectives of policy, organization and technology. Literature [29] summarizes some early smart city technology frameworks and argues that the essential elements of smart cities include people, institutions and technologies. They can be subdivided into digital cities, smart cities, wireless cities, information city and so on.…”

Combined use of lifecycle management and IoT in smart cities

“…Hence, the same definition of "product" can be extended to smart city as a composition of smart objects, smart systems, and smart services that focus on problems and issues that arise in service sectors, like transport, logistics, energy, waste management [18] [19]. Accordingly, A. Hefnawy et al [6] [8] have used this analogy to propose lifecycle management approach to be used in the smart city context to manage data, versions, variants and business processes associated with heterogeneous, uniquely identified connected objects.…”

“…The vision of applying lifecycle management in the smart city domain(s) is to better integrate people, processes, and systems; and assure information consistency, traceability, and long-term archiving [6]. To achieve such a holistic vision of complete smart city ecosystem, there is a need for interrelated/ interdependent systems to exchange system data that include BOM, versions, variants, stats and other lifecycle related data.…”

“…For any particular IoT platform to support data exchange between different IoT objects within a smart system, the IoT platform should be aware of the smart system structure, hierarchy of objects, or what so called "Objects' Tree" or "Bill of Materials". As explained in [6], smart city service systems are featured with structure dynamicity. The structure of components of the smart city can change across different phases of Smart City Lifecycle.…”

“…The challenge is multifold in case of IoT smart city applications, in light of diversity of application domains, heterogeneity of data sources, big number of stakeholders and interdependency between different smart systems. For this, it has been proposed in [6] to manage IoT-enabled smart cities using lifecycle management principles to better integrate people, processes, and systems across different phases of lifecycle. Hence, there is a need for two types of data to be exchanged.…”