Light adaptation and the luminance-response function of the cone electroretinogram

Peachey, Neal S.; Alexander, Kenneth R.; Derlacki, Deborah J.; Fishman, Gerald A.

doi:10.1007/bf00160949

Cited by 23 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Additional direct evidence to support this conclusion would be desirable. The findings that the increase in the amplitude under each background luminance condition observed in the present study is similar to the human results [7] (fig. 2).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…On the other hand, the amplitudes decreased by increasing stimulus frequency in rats. These results differed from those obtained from humans [7,11].…”

Section: Methodscontrasting

confidence: 56%

“…The response amplitude was similar for the two brightest adapting fields used. The results of flicker stimulus in rats were similar to human flicker results [7,11]. Figure 4 shows the dependency of the response amplitude upon the adapting-field luminance in each stimulus frequency at higher flash intensity (1.30 log cd s/m 2 ).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 52%

“…We used a 20-Hz flicker stimulus and showed the feasibility of this technique to analyze cone function in rats. Although we only used achormatic flash stimuli, the response characteristics were similar to those of humans [7,11,15]. Therefore, we believe that the flicker stimulus can specifically isolate the rat cone ERG like in humans [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In human subjects, the lumi-nance-response function of the cone flicker ERG is modified by the luminance of the adapting field [7]. In consideration of the usefulness of rat transgenic models for human retinal disorders, it is important to determine the difference in the response-adapting field luminance functions between human and rat cone ERGs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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20-Hz Flicker Stimulus Can Isolate the Cone Function in Rat Retina

et al. 1998

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Cone electroretinograms (ERGs) are typically isolated in humans by flicker stimuli against rod-desensitizing adapting fields. To investigate the manner in which adapting-field luminance affects the cone ERGs, we recorded ERGs in normal albino Sprague-Dawley rats with flicker stimuli presented against adapting fields that ranged in luminance from –∞ to 1.75 log cd/m². A flicker rate of 20 Hz was used to isolate the cone ERGs under all adaptation conditions. We found the amplitudes of cone ERGs to increase with increasing adapting-field luminance. These response characteristics are similar to human ERGs using 30-Hz flicker stimuli, which suggests that flicker stimuli are a useful technique to isolate the cone function in rats.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…On the other hand, the amplitudes decreased by increasing stimulus frequency in rats. These results differed from those obtained from humans [7,11].…”

Section: Methodscontrasting

confidence: 56%

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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20-Hz Flicker Stimulus Can Isolate the Cone Function in Rat Retina

et al. 1998

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The Rod Photoreceptors in Retinopathy of Prematurity

Fulton

Hansen²,

Petersen³

et al. 2001

Arch Ophthalmol

101

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To test the hypothesis that the more severe the acute phase retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) was in the preterm weeks, the more severely compromised is rod photoreceptor function after the ROP has resolved.Methods: Electroretinographic (ERG) responses were recorded from 25 dark-adapted children (ages 2.5 months' postterm to 14 years) categorized by maximum, acute phase ROP (None to Very Severe). From the ERG a-wave "S," a sensitivity parameter for the rod photoreceptor response, and R mp3 , the saturated amplitude of the rod photoreceptor response were calculated using a model of the activation of rod phototransduction. The patients' results were compared with those of healthy controls (n=71).Results: Among those in the None, Mild, Moderate, and Severe categories, both S and R mp3 varied significantly with severity of acute phase ROP. In the Very Severe category, ERG responses were too attenuated to calculate S and R mp3 . Conclusions:The rod photoreceptors must be involved in ROP. The more severe the acute phase ROP, the more severe is the compromise of the processes involved in the activation of phototransduction in the rods.

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Effects of high peak power microwaves on the retina of the Rhesus monkey

Mathur

Stuck

et al. 2000

Bioelectromagnetics

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We studied the retinal effects of 1.25 GHz high peak power microwaves in Rhesus monkeys. Preexposure fundus photographs, retinal angiograms, and electroretinograms (ERG) were obtained to screen for normal ocular structure and function and, after exposure, as endpoints of the study. Histopathology of the retina was an additional endpoint. Seventeen monkeys were randomly assigned to receive sham exposure or pulsed microwave exposures. Microwaves were delivered anteriorly to the face at 0, 4.3, 8.4, or 20.2 W/kg spatially and temporally averaged retinal specific absorption rates (R-SAR). The pulse characteristics were 1.04 MW ( approximately 1.30 MW/kg temporal peak R-SAR), 5.59 micros pulse length at 0, 0.59, 1. 18, and 2.79 Hz pulse repetition rates. Exposure was 4 h per day and 3 days per week for 3 weeks, for a total of nine exposures. The preexposure and postexposure fundus pictures and angiograms were all within normal limits. The response of cone photoreceptors to light flash was enhanced in monkeys exposed at 8.4 or 20.2 W/kg R-SAR, but not in monkeys exposed at 4.3 W/kg R-SAR. Scotopic (rod) response, maximum (combined cone and rod) response, and Naka-Rushton R(max) and log K of scotopic b-waves were all within normal range. Retinal histopathology revealed the presence of enhanced glycogen storage in photoreceptors among sham (2/5), 8.4 W/kg (3/3), and 20.2 W/kg (2/5) exposed monkeys, while enhanced glycogen storage was not observed in the 4.3 W/kg (0/4) exposed group. Supranormal cone photoreceptor b-wave was R-SAR dependent and may be an early indicator of mild injury. However no evidence of degenerative changes and ERG depression was seen. We concluded that retinal injury is very unlikely at 4 W/kg. Functional changes that occur at higher R-SAR are probably reversible since we saw no evidence of histopathologic correlation with ERG changes. Bioelectromagnetics 21:439-454, 2000. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Light adaptation and the luminance-response function of the cone electroretinogram

Cited by 23 publications

References 13 publications

20-Hz Flicker Stimulus Can Isolate the Cone Function in Rat Retina

20-Hz Flicker Stimulus Can Isolate the Cone Function in Rat Retina

The Rod Photoreceptors in Retinopathy of Prematurity

Effects of high peak power microwaves on the retina of the Rhesus monkey

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