Light-induced structural changes of thylakoids in normal and carotenoid deficient chloroplasts of maize

Mustárdy, László; Machowicz, E; Faludi-Dániel, Ágnes

doi:10.1007/bf01280360

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Intactness and purity of the chloroplast preparations was monitored by inspection under the electron microscope. Thin sections were prepared from the chloroplast pellets by conventional fixation, embedding, sectioning and staining procedures (14). In class A preparations, 60-70% of the chloroplasts were surrounded by envelopes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective scattering spectra as an approach to internal structure of granal and agranal chloroplasts.

Bialek¹,

Horváth²,

Garab³

et al. 1977

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Selective scattering spectra of granal and agranal chloroplasts were measured in the red spectral region and compared with calculations based on the Mie theory. The spectra were influenced considerably by the intactness and ultrastructural pattern of the chloroplasts. It was demonstrated that the spectra consist of two components: one attributable to grana and the other, to single lamellae. The dependence of the selective scattering spectra on the ultrastructural characteristics offers a convenient method for monitoring the quality of chloroplast preparations by a procedure much faster than electron microscopy. Selective scattering spectra of algal cells such as Chlorella and Anacystis, as well as of spinach chloroplasts and fragments, have been reported in the literature (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). In these studies the photosynthetic lamellar system was considered as a whole with no regard to the ultrastructural pattern characteristic of the chloroplasts. As shown under the electron microscope, chloroplasts consist of two types of lamellae: single lamellae that appear never to fuse with each other, and stacked lamellae that build up the highly ordered piles called "grana." The individual contributions of single and stacked lamellae in the selective scattering spectra have not been distinguished in previous reports.The aim of the present work was to study the selective scattering spectra of chloroplasts containing various amounts of grana and to compare intact class A and class B chloroplasts (9) in order to obtain information on the relationship between ultrastructure and selective scattering. Selective spectra of chloroplasts were shown to be dependent on their intactness and ultrastructure. This phenomenon offers a convenient method for checking the quality of chloroplast preparations. MATERIALS AND METHODSChloroplast preparations with high and low granum contents were obtained from maize leaves (Zea mays L. var. MV SC 660). The plants were grown in a greenhouse for 9-l1 days.Class A chloroplasts were isolated from a suspension of mesophyll protoplasts (10) or bundle sheath cells. Mesophyll protoplasts were prepared in a digestion medium containing 0.6 M d-sorbitol, 0.1 M potassium phosphate, 0.5% (wt/vol) Macerozyme R-10, 2.0% (wt/vol) cellulase Onozuka R-10, and 0.5% (wt/vol) potassium dextran sulfate, pH 5.8. Bundle sheath cells were separated in a maceration medium containing 0.4 M d-sorbitol, 0.1 M potassium phosphate, 0.5% Macerozyme R-10, 1.0% cellulase Onozuka R-10, and 1.0% Helicase, pH 5.8. Macerozyme and cellulase preparations were purchased from Kinki Yakult MFG Co. Ltd., Nishinomiya, Japan; the Helicase was obtained from Industrie Biologique Frangaise, Gennevilliers, France; and potassium dextran sulfate was from Meito Sangyo Co. Ltd., Nagoya, Japan. The incubation was for 90 min at 37°. Protoplasts and cells were washed three times in 0.6 M d-sorbitol and transferred to the medium of Anderson and Boardman (11) containing 0.3 M sucrose, 0.05 M potassium phosphate, and 0.01 M potassium chlor...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective scattering spectra as an approach to internal structure of granal and agranal chloroplasts.

Bialek¹,

Horváth²,

Garab³

et al. 1977

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…For electron microscopy, leaf samples were fixed, dehydrated, embedded, sectioned, and stained by conventional methods (13). 02 evolution and consumption were measuring using a Clarktype electrode as described previously (7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Photosynthetic Pigments and Plastoquinone Contents in Sugar Beet Chloroplasts with Changes in Leaf Copper Content

Droppa¹,

Terry²,

Horváth³

1984

Plant Physiol.

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The changes in the contents of chlorophyll (Chl) a, Chl b, carotenoid, and plastoquinone in sugar beet (Beta nulgaris) chloroplasts were investigated during Cu deficiency and resupply. With the onset of Cu deficiency, extrachloroplastic Cu decreased more rapidly than chloroplast Cu, which eventually accounted for all of the Cu present in the leaf. The ultrastructure of Cu-deficient chloroplasts did not differ from the control except in very young, severely deficient leaves. During Cu depletion and resupply, Chl a, Chl b, carotenoid, and plastoquinone contents changed concomitantly. Because of the concurrent changes in the contents of terpenoid-containing pigments and plastoquinone with Cu depletion and resupply, we suggest that Cu might be involved in the regulation of the early steps of terpenoid biosynthesis prior to the formation of geranylgeranyl-pyrophosphate.

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“…In contrast i to this, juvenile thylakoids display an increase in the width of the membrane that might reflect light-induced damage of the chloroplast architecture, similar to that found in light-sensitive mutant chloroplasts [ 10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…The thickness of the membranes was recorded by tracing the electron micrograph negatives on a microdensitometer coupled with an XY recorder. The resolution of the measurement was satisfactory for detection of differences of less than 1 nm, corresponding to about 10 per cent of the total thickness of thylakoid membranes [10].…”

Section: Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 94%

Energization and ultrastructural pattern of thylakoids formed under periodic illumination followed by continuous light

et al. 1986

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Bean leaves grown under periodic illumination (56 cycles of 2 min light and 98 min darkness) were subsequently exposed to continuous illumination, and in connection with granum formation and accumulation of the light-harvesting pigment-protein complex thermoluminescence and light-induced shrinkage of thylakoid membranes were studied. Juvenile chloroplasts with large double sheets of thylakoids obtained under periodic light exhibited low temperature spectra of polarized fluorescence yielding fluorescence polarization (FP) values < 1 at 695 nm, characteristic for pheophytin emission. In the course of maturation under continuous light when normal grana appeared and the chlorophyll a/b light-harvesting photosystem II complex was incorporated into the membrane, at 695 nm the relative intensity of fluorescence dropped and FP changed to a value of > 1, suggesting an overlap between the emission of pheophytin and that of the chlorophyll a/b light-harvesting photosystem II complex. Thermoluminescence glow curves recorded with juvenile thylakoids displayed a relatively high proportion of emission at low temperatures (around -10°C) while with mature chloroplasts, more thermoluminescence originated from energetically deeper traps (discharged around 28°C). This means that during thylakoid development the capacity of the membrane to stabilize the separated charges increases, which might be favourable for the ultimate conservation of energy. The more extensive energization of mature thylakoids was also indicated by a light-induced decrease in the thickness of the membranes upon illumination; a change which could not be detected in juvenile thylakoids.

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Light-induced structural changes of thylakoids in normal and carotenoid deficient chloroplasts of maize

Cited by 15 publications

References 17 publications

Selective scattering spectra as an approach to internal structure of granal and agranal chloroplasts.

Selective scattering spectra as an approach to internal structure of granal and agranal chloroplasts.

Variation in Photosynthetic Pigments and Plastoquinone Contents in Sugar Beet Chloroplasts with Changes in Leaf Copper Content

Energization and ultrastructural pattern of thylakoids formed under periodic illumination followed by continuous light

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