Light nuclides produced in the proton-induced spallation of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">U</mml:mi><mml:mprescripts /><mml:none /><mml:mrow><mml:mn>238</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:math>at 1 GeV

Ricciardi, M. V.; Armbruster, P.; Benlliure, J.; Bernas, M.; Boudard, A.; Czájkowski, S.; Enqvist, T.; Kelić, A.; Leray, S.; Légrain, R.; Mustapha, B.; Pereira, J.; Rejmund, F.; Schmidt, K.‐H.; Stéphan, C.; Tassan‐Got, L.; Volant, C.; Yordanov, O.

doi:10.1103/physrevc.73.014607

Cited by 59 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…In the figure 1, the results of the code for the reaction of 238 U with protons at 1 A GeV are compared with the experimental data for the reaction of the same system [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]27]. In the upper part, the comparison is made on the chart of nuclides, with individual nuclide production cross sections represented by colors.…”

Section: Validation Of the Code With Experimental Results From Gsimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of high-energy fission, the symmetric split of the pre-fragment is the most probable. However, the distribution of the products covers a large part of the nuclide chart and is extended down to very light elements as Na and Ne [19]. In general, fission of heavy fissile nuclides as 238 U, 232 Th is a powerful tool that gives access to very neutron-rich isotopes [28].…”

Section: Nuclide Production and Extraction Mechanisms In Isol Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental nuclide production cross-section data have been measured at GSI in inverse kinematics for several different projectile and target types, mostly at the energy of 1 A GeV [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. Since experimental cross-section data do not exist for all the ISOLDE target materials studied in this work, and the energy of the SC proton beam was 600 MeV, we have to rely on model calculations to account for the variation of the prefragment properties with decreasing beam energy and different types of target.…”

Section: Model Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During this time, an extended data base of nuclide yields has been established [1]. Recently, a series of dedicated inverse-kinematics experiments [8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27], performed at GSI, Darmstadt, have brought an important progress in our understanding of the nuclide production in reactions induced by protons and heavy ions at relativistic energies. Profiting from these data, improved nuclear reaction codes have been developed that allow performing reliable calculations on the nuclide production rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic comparison of ISOLDE-SC yields with calculated in-target production rates

Lukić

Gevaert

Kelić

et al. 2006

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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Recently, a series of dedicated inverse-kinematics experiments performed at GSI, Darmstadt, has brought an important progress in our understanding of proton and heavy-ion induced reactions at relativistic energies. The nuclear reaction code ABRABLA that has been developed and benchmarked against the results of these experiments has been used to calculate nuclide production cross sections at different energies and with different targets and beams. These calculations are used to estimate nuclide production rates by protons in thick targets, taking into account the energy loss and the attenuation of the proton beam in the target, as well as the low-energy fission induced by the secondary neutrons. The results are compared to the yields of isotopes of various elements obtained from different targets at CERN-ISOLDE with 600 MeV protons, and the overall extraction efficiencies are deduced. The dependence of these extraction efficiencies on the nuclide half-life is found to follow a simple pattern in many different cases. A simple function is proposed to parameterize this behavior in a way that quantifies the essential properties of the extraction efficiency for the element and the targetion-source system in question.

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Section: Validation Of the Code With Experimental Results From Gsimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nuclide Production and Extraction Mechanisms In Isol Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Systematic comparison of ISOLDE-SC yields with calculated in-target production rates

Lukić

Gevaert

Kelić

et al. 2006

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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“…The rate at which these are produced depends on the incident beam energy and cross-section, and data are generally scarce. Fission product yields are, however, available for 1-GeV proton beams on 238 U targets, and the long-lived radioactive noble gas yields are reported in Table 3 (Bernas et al , Ricciardi et al 2006. For spallation sources yielding >2 n/p, the rate of radioactive noble gas production (internal to the target) per SQ is only 0.1-2% of that produced in a thermal fission reactor.…”

Section: Acceleratorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Detection of Clandestine Nuclear Weapon Programs

Kemp

2016

Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.

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Environmental sensing of nuclear activities has the potential to detect nuclear weapon programs at early stages, deter nuclear proliferation, and help verify nuclear accords. However, no robust system of detection has been deployed to date. This can be variously attributed to high costs, technical limitations in detector technology, simple countermeasures, and uncertainty about the magnitude or behavior of potential signals. In this article, current capabilities and promising opportunities are reviewed. Systematic research in a variety of areas could improve prospects for detecting covert nuclear programs, although the potential for countermeasures suggests long-term verification of nuclear agreements will need to rely on methods other than environmental sensing.

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Mass and lifetime measurements of exotic nuclei in storage rings

Franzke

Geißel

Münzenberg

2008

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

222

189

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Mass and lifetime measurements lead to the discovery and understanding of basic properties of matter. The isotopic nature of the chemical elements, nuclear binding, and the location and strength of nuclear shells are the most outstanding examples leading to the development of the first nuclear models. More recent are the discoveries of new structures of nuclides far from the valley of stability. A new generation of direct mass measurements which allows the exploration of extended areas of the nuclear mass surface with high accuracy has been opened up with the combination of the Experimental Storage Ring ESR and the FRragment Separator FRS at GSI Darmstadt. In-flight separated nuclei are stored in the ring. Their masses are directly determined from the revolution frequency. Dependent on the half-life two complementary methods are applied. Schottky Mass Spectrometry SMS relies on the measurement of the revolution frequency of electron cooled stored ions. The cooling time determines the lower half-life limit to the order of seconds. For Isochronous Mass Spectrometry IMS the ring is operated in an isochronous ion-optical mode. The revolution frequency of the individual ions coasting in the ring is measured using a time-of-flight method. Nuclides with lifetimes down to microseconds become accessible. With SMS masses of several hundreds nuclides have been measured simultaneously with an accuracy in the 2 x 10(-7)-range. This high accuracy and the ability to study large areas of the mass surface are ideal tools to discover new nuclear structure properties and to guide improvements for theoretical mass models. In addition, nuclear half-lives of stored bare and highly charged ions have been measured. This new experimental development is a significant progress since nuclear decay characteristics are mostly known for neutral atoms. For bare and highly charged ions new nuclear decay modes become possible, such as bound-state beta decay. Dramatic changes in the nuclear lifetime have been observed in highly charged ions compared to neutral atoms due to blocking of nuclear decay channels caused by the modified atomic interaction. High ionization degrees prevail in hot stellar matter and thus these experiments have great relevance for the understanding of the synthesis of elements in the universe and astrophysical scenarios in general.

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Light nuclides produced in the proton-induced spallation ofU238at 1 GeV

Cited by 59 publications

References 83 publications

Systematic comparison of ISOLDE-SC yields with calculated in-target production rates

Systematic comparison of ISOLDE-SC yields with calculated in-target production rates

Environmental Detection of Clandestine Nuclear Weapon Programs

Mass and lifetime measurements of exotic nuclei in storage rings

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