Light through the fog: using precision fMRI data to disentangle the neural substrates of cognitive control

Smith, Douglas B.; Perez, Diana C.; Porter, Alexis; Dworetsky, Ally; Gratton, Caterina

doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2020.12.004

Cited by 31 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 58 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The prevalence of ectopic variants in lateral frontal cortex suggest that researchers should be particularly cautious in interpreting group-level results in these regions, unless a cross-subject functional alignment method is performed that accounts for non-local deviations. Indeed, important advances in our understanding of lateral frontal cortex will likely be spurred by studies using improved functional alignment methods, which enable separation of multifunctional regions from specialized regions in the face of cross-subject heterogeneity (e.g., (Assem et al, 2020; Fedorenko et al, 2012); see review by (Smith et al, 2021)). In contrast, border variants were more commonly localized to the temporoparietal junction and rostral superior frontal regions, which have been linked to shifting attention (Corbetta and Shulman, 2002) and theory of mind (DiNicola et al, 2020; Saxe, 2006; Saxe and Kanwisher, 2003) among other functions, suggesting that studies focusing on these domains and areas may benefit from functional alignment approaches which impose distance-constrained changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two common and distinct forms of variation in human functional brain networks

Dworetsky¹,

Seitzman²,

Adeyemo³

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The cortex has a characteristic layout with specialized functional areas forming distributed large-scale networks. However, substantial work shows striking variation in this organization across people, which relates to differences in behavior. While a dominant assumption is that cortical 'variants' represent boundary shifts in the borders between regions, here we show that variants can also occur at a distance from their typical position, forming ectopic intrusions. Both forms of variants are common across individuals, but the forms differ in their location, network linkages, and activations during tasks. Sub-groups of individuals share similar variant properties, but sub-grouping on the two variant forms appears independent. This work argues that individual differences in brain organization commonly occur in two dissociable forms, border shifts and ectopic intrusions, that must be separately accounted for in the analysis of cortical systems across people. This work expands our knowledge of cortical variation in humans and helps reconceptualize the discussion of how cortical systems variability arises and links to individual differences in behavior.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two common and distinct forms of variation in human functional brain networks

Dworetsky¹,

Seitzman²,

Adeyemo³

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, most fMRI studies of dissociation have utilized scan times (Hoeft et al, 2012; Jiang et al, 2017; Nicholson et al, 2015, 2016, 2017; Thome et al, 2019) that are substantially shorter than those required to achieve high individual-level test–retest reliability of functional brain networks (Laumann et al, 2015). Research in this domain should shift focus from group to individual-level analyses (Gratton et al, 2020) and collect a larger amount of within-subject data (deep data) in order to ensure reliable estimates of individual connectivity profiles and account for heterogeneity in functional anatomy (Gratton et al, 2020; Smith et al, 2021). Recent research utilizing more within-subject data than what is typical, artifact mitigation procedures like global signal regression, and individually defined functional regions represents a step in this direction (Lebois et al, 2021).…”

Section: Decoupling: Disruptions Of Network and Hierarchies Of Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pedunculopontine-induced cortical decoupling as the neurophysiological locus of dissociation.

Smith¹,

Terhune²

2023

Psychological Review

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mounting evidence suggests an association between aberrant sleep phenomena and dissociative experiences. However, no wake-sleep boundary theory provides a compelling explanation of dissociation or specifies its physiological substrates. We present a theoretical account of dissociation that integrates theories and empirical results from multiple lines of research concerning the domain of dissociation and the regulation of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.This theory posits that individual differences in the circuitry governing the REM sleep promoting Pedunculopontine Nucleus and Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus determine the degree of similarity in the cortical connectivity profiles of wakefulness and REM sleep. We propose that a latent trait characterized by elevated dissociative experiences emerges from the decoupling of frontal executive regions due to a REM sleep-like aminergic/cholinergic balance. The Pedunculopontine Induced Cortical Decoupling Account of Dissociation (PICDAD) suggests multiple fruitful lines of inquiry and provides novel insights.

show abstract

“…[ [101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108] Healthcare Owkin [31] and Intel [32] are researching how FL could be leveraged to protect patients' data privacy while also using the data for better diagnosis. [7,79,[109][110][111][112][113] Autonomous industry…”

Section: Applications Related Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Federated Learning; Taxonomy, Challenges, and Research Trends

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The federated learning technique (FL) supports the collaborative training of machine learning and deep learning models for edge network optimization. Although a complex edge network with heterogeneous devices having different constraints can affect its performance, this leads to a problem in this area. Therefore, some research can be seen to design new frameworks and approaches to improve federated learning processes. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the FL technique and its applicability in different domains. The key focus of the paper is to produce a systematic literature review of recent research studies that clearly describes the adoption of FL in edge networks. The search procedure was performed from April 2020 to May 2021 with a total initial number of papers being 7546 published in the duration of 2016 to 2020. The systematic literature synthesizes and compares the algorithms, models, and frameworks of federated learning. Additionally, we have presented the scope of FL applications in different industries and domains. It has been revealed after careful investigation of studies that 25% of the studies used FL in IoT and edge-based applications and 30% of studies implement the FL concept in the health industry, 10% for NLP, 10% for autonomous vehicles, 10% for mobile services, 10% for recommender systems, and 5% for FinTech. A taxonomy is also proposed on implementing FL for edge networks in different domains. Moreover, another novelty of this paper is that datasets used for the implementation of FL are discussed in detail to provide the researchers an overview of the distributed datasets, which can be used for employing FL techniques. Lastly, this study discusses the current challenges of implementing the FL technique. We have found that the areas of medical AI, IoT, edge systems, and the autonomous industry can adapt the FL in many of its sub-domains; however, the challenges these domains can encounter are statistical heterogeneity, system heterogeneity, data imbalance, resource allocation, and privacy.

show abstract

Light through the fog: using precision fMRI data to disentangle the neural substrates of cognitive control

Cited by 31 publications

References 58 publications

Two common and distinct forms of variation in human functional brain networks

Two common and distinct forms of variation in human functional brain networks

Pedunculopontine-induced cortical decoupling as the neurophysiological locus of dissociation.

Applications of Federated Learning; Taxonomy, Challenges, and Research Trends

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About