Lightning NO x and Impacts on Air Quality

Murray, Lee T.

doi:10.1007/s40726-016-0031-7

Cited by 151 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 192 publications

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“…This might be connected to advection of tropospheric ozone and precursors from intense lightning regions of Africa (in the lower and middle troposphere) and South America (in the upper troposhere) (Finney et al, 2016;Grewe, 2007;Murray, 2016). All the parameterizations show nonnegligible O 3 increase at ∼10 • S over the Atlantic Ocean where lightning density and NO enhancement are small (with respect to the maxima in central Africa).…”

Section: Annual Global Averaged Chemical Distributionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Comparison of Six Lightning Parameterizations in CAM5 and the Impact on Global Atmospheric Chemistry

Gordillo‐Vázquez

Pérez‐Invernón

Huntrieser

et al. 2019

Earth and Space Science

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We present simulations performed with six lightning parameterizations implemented in the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM5). The amount of lightning-produced nitrogen oxides (LNO x ) by the various schemes considered is estimated. We provide some insight on how the lightning NO injected in the atmosphere influences the global concentrations of key chemical species such as OH, HO 2 , H 2 O 2 , NO x , O 3 , SO 2 , CO, and HNO 3 . The vertical global averaged densities of HO 2 , H 2 O 2 , CO, and SO 2 are depleted due to lightning while those of NO, NO 2 , O 3 , OH, and HNO 3 increase. Our results indicate that the parameterizations based on the upward ice flux (ICEFLUX) exhibit the largest global and midlatitude spatial correlations (0.73 and 0.632 for ICEFLUX and 0.72 and 0.553 for cloud top height) with respect to satellite global flash rate observations. Five out of the six lightning schemes investigated exhibit larger LNO x per flash in the midlatitudes than in the tropics. In particular, it is found that the ICEFLUX midlatitude LNO x per flash exhibits the largest difference with respect to its predicted tropical LNO x per flash, in agreement with available observations. When using CAM5, the ICEFLUX lightning parameterization could be considered a reliable lightning scheme (within its intrinsic uncertainties) in terms of its geographical distribution. Both ICEFLUX and cloud top height results agree with the enhancements of NO 2 and O 3 produced by lightning over tropical Atlantic and Africa and the weaker lightning background over the tropical Pacific reported by Martin et al. (2007) in the periods and locations (upper troposphere) where lightning is expected to dominate the trace gas observations.

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Section: Annual Global Averaged Chemical Distributionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Comparison of Six Lightning Parameterizations in CAM5 and the Impact on Global Atmospheric Chemistry

Gordillo‐Vázquez

Pérez‐Invernón

Huntrieser

et al. 2019

Earth and Space Science

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“…Within the GMI CTM, lightning is calculated with a two‐step procedure involving (1) a determination of lightning flash frequency and lightning NO x production rate for each model grid cell and (2) the repartitioning of lightning NO x emissions in the vertical column (Allen et al, ). However, it has been shown that the impact of lightning on surface‐level O 3 is small in the contiguous United States (Murray, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling the Drivers of the Summertime Ozone‐Temperature Relationship Over the United States

et al. 2019

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Summertime surface‐level ozone (O3) is known to vary with temperature, but the relative roles of different processes responsible for causing the O3‐temperature relationship are not well quantified. In this study we use simulations of NASA's Global Modeling Initiative chemical transport model to isolate and assess the relative impact of atmospheric transport, chemistry, and emissions on large‐scale O3 variability, events, and and the covariance of O3 with temperature. Using observations from the Clean Air Status and Trends Network in the contiguous United States, we show that the Global Modeling Initiative chemical transport model reproduces the spatiotemporal variability of O3 and its relationship with temperature during the summer. We use the change in O3 given a change in temperature (dO3/dT) along with other metrics to understand differences between our simulations. In regions with moderate to strong positive correlations between temperature and O3 such as the northeast, Great Lakes, and Great Plains, temperature's association with transport yields a majority of the total O3‐temperature relationship (∼60%), while temperature‐dependent chemistry and anthropogenic NO emissions play smaller roles (∼30% and ∼10%, respectively). There are regions, however, with insignificant correlations between temperature and O3, and our findings suggest that transport is still an important driver of O3 variability in these regions, albeit not correlated with temperature. Transport is not directly dependent on temperature but rather is linked through an indirect association, and it is therefore important to understand the exact mechanisms that link transport to O3 and how these mechanisms will change in a warming world.

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“…Biogenic VOC emissions follow the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature scheme version 2.1 (Guenther et al, 2012). Lightning NO x emissions are as described by Murray (2016). Soil microbial NO x emissions are described by Hudman et al (2012).…”

Section: Geos-chemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating a Space‐Based Indicator of Surface Ozone‐NO_x‐VOC Sensitivity Over Midlatitude Source Regions and Application to Decadal Trends

et al. 2017

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Determining effective strategies for mitigating surface ozone (O3) pollution requires knowledge of the relative ambient concentrations of its precursors, NOx, and VOCs. The space‐based tropospheric column ratio of formaldehyde to NO2 (FNR) has been used as an indicator to identify NOx‐limited versus NOx‐saturated O3 formation regimes. Quantitative use of this indicator ratio is subject to three major uncertainties: (1) the split between NOx‐limited and NOx‐saturated conditions may shift in space and time, (2) the ratio of the vertically integrated column may not represent the near‐surface environment, and (3) satellite products contain errors. We use the GEOS‐Chem global chemical transport model to evaluate the quantitative utility of FNR observed from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument over three northern midlatitude source regions. We find that FNR in the model surface layer is a robust predictor of the simulated near‐surface O3 production regime. Extending this surface‐based predictor to a column‐based FNR requires accounting for differences in the HCHO and NO2 vertical profiles. We compare four combinations of two OMI HCHO and NO2 retrievals with modeled FNR. The spatial and temporal correlations between the modeled and satellite‐derived FNR vary with the choice of NO2 product, while the mean offset depends on the choice of HCHO product. Space‐based FNR indicates that the spring transition to NOx‐limited regimes has shifted at least a month earlier over major cities (e.g., New York, London, and Seoul) between 2005 and 2015. This increase in NOx sensitivity implies that NOx emission controls will improve O3 air quality more now than it would have a decade ago.

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Lightning NO x and Impacts on Air Quality

Cited by 151 publications

References 192 publications

Comparison of Six Lightning Parameterizations in CAM5 and the Impact on Global Atmospheric Chemistry

Comparison of Six Lightning Parameterizations in CAM5 and the Impact on Global Atmospheric Chemistry

Disentangling the Drivers of the Summertime Ozone‐Temperature Relationship Over the United States

Evaluating a Space‐Based Indicator of Surface Ozone‐NO_x‐VOC Sensitivity Over Midlatitude Source Regions and Application to Decadal Trends

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Lightning NO x and Impacts on Air Quality

Cited by 151 publications

References 192 publications

Comparison of Six Lightning Parameterizations in CAM5 and the Impact on Global Atmospheric Chemistry

Comparison of Six Lightning Parameterizations in CAM5 and the Impact on Global Atmospheric Chemistry

Disentangling the Drivers of the Summertime Ozone‐Temperature Relationship Over the United States

Evaluating a Space‐Based Indicator of Surface Ozone‐NOx‐VOC Sensitivity Over Midlatitude Source Regions and Application to Decadal Trends

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Evaluating a Space‐Based Indicator of Surface Ozone‐NO_x‐VOC Sensitivity Over Midlatitude Source Regions and Application to Decadal Trends