Lightning origination and thunderstorm ground enhancements terminated by the lightning flash

Chilingarian, A.; Hovsepyan, G.; Khanikyanc, G.; Reymers, A.; Soghomonyan, S.

doi:10.1209/0295-5075/110/49001

Cited by 32 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The termination of gamma ray glow events observed with AEF and radio observations has been already reported via single‐station measurements (Chilingarian et al, , ). However, in the present paper, we report the first simultaneous observation of these phenomena via gamma ray, AEF, and multiple‐station LF measurements, which enable us to determine temporal and spatial evolution of discharges.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…There are reports of gamma ray glows and TGEs abruptly terminated by lightning discharges (Alexeenko et al, 2002;Chilingarian et al, 2015Chilingarian et al, , 2017Eack et al, 1996;Kelley et al, 2015;McCarthy & Parks, 1985;Tsuchiya et al, 2013). In the past studies, temporal relation between such a glow and lightning (Tsuchiya et al, 2013) and types of lightning to terminate glows (Chilingarian et al, 2017) have been discussed.…”

Section: 1029/2018gl077784mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Termination of Electron Acceleration in Thundercloud by Intracloud/Intercloud Discharge

Wada

Bowers

Enoto

et al. 2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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An on‐ground observation program for high‐energy atmospheric phenomena in winter thunderstorms along the Japan Sea has been performed via measurements of gamma ray radiation, atmospheric electric field, and low‐frequency radio band. On 11 February 2017, the radiation detectors recorded gamma ray emission lasting for 75 s, and then abruptly terminated with a nearby lightning discharge. The gamma ray spectrum extended up to 20 MeV and was reproduced by a cutoff power law model with a photon index of 1.36−0.04+0.03, being consistent with Bremsstrahlung radiation from a thundercloud (known as a gamma‐ray glow or a thunderstorm ground enhancement). The low‐frequency radio monitors, installed ∼50 km away from the gamma ray observation site recorded leader development of an intracloud/intercloud discharge spreading over ∼60 km area with a ∼300‐ms duration. The timing of the gamma ray termination coincided with the moment when the leader development of the intracloud/intercloud discharge passed 0.7 km horizontally away from the radiation monitors. The intracloud/intercloud discharge started ∼15 km away from the gamma ray observation site. Therefore, the glow was terminated by the leader development, while it did not trigger the lightning discharge in the present case.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: 1029/2018gl077784mentioning

confidence: 99%

Termination of Electron Acceleration in Thundercloud by Intracloud/Intercloud Discharge

Wada

Bowers

Enoto

et al. 2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…Since cloud bases are lower during winter thunderstorms in coastal areas of Japan Sea than summer (Goto & Narita, 1992;Kitagawa & Michimoto, 1994), gamma-ray glows become detectable even by sea level experiments (Kuroda et al, 2016;Torii et al, 2002Torii et al, , 2011Tsuchiya et al, 2007Tsuchiya et al, , 2011Tsuchiya et al, , 2013Wada et al, 2018). They sometimes terminate with lightning discharges (Alexeenko et al, 2002;Chilingarian et al, 2015Chilingarian et al, , 2017Eack et al, 1996, Kelley et al, 2015Kochkin et al, 2017;McCarthy & Parks, 1985;Tsuchiya et al, 2013;Wada et al, 2018), and a part of them also coincided with downward TGFs (Smith et al, 2018;Wada et al, 2019a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Peak‐Current Lightning Discharges Associated With Downward Terrestrial Gamma‐Ray Flashes

et al. 2020

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During 2017–2018 winter operation of the Gamma‐Ray Observation of Winter Thunderclouds experiment in Japan, two downward terrestrial gamma‐ray flashes (TGFs) that triggered atmospheric photonuclear reactions were detected. They took place during winter thunderstorms on 5 December 2017 and 9 January 2018 at Kanazawa, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. Each event coincided with an intracloud/intercloud discharge, which had a negative‐polarity peak current higher than 150 kA. Their radio waveforms in the low‐frequency band are categorized as a distinct lightning type called “energetic in‐cloud pulse” (EIP). Negative‐polarity EIPs have been previously suggested to be highly associated with downward TGFs, and the present observations provide evidence of the correlation between them for the first time. Furthermore, both of the downward TGFs followed “gamma‐ray glows,” minute‐lasting high‐energy emissions from thunderclouds. It is suggested that the negative EIPs took place with downward propagating negative leaders or upward positive ones developed in highly electrified regions responsible for the gamma‐ray glows.

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“…Glows, on the other hand, would originate from relativistic runaway electron avalanches (RREA) (Dwyer, 2003;Gurevich et al, 1992), with feedback of photons and positrons creating new avalanches (Babich et al, 2005;Dwyer, 2007Dwyer, , 2012; they evolve on the time scale of seconds to minutes and even hours, as sketched in Figure 1 as well. Whereas lightning leaders produce TGFs, lightning is observed to terminate gamma ray glows (Chilingarian et al, 2015;Kelley et al, 2015;McCarthy & Parks, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TGF Afterglows: A New Radiation Mechanism From Thunderstorms

Rutjes

Diniz

Ferreira

et al. 2017

Geophysical Research Letters

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Thunderstorms are known to create terrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs) which are microsecond‐long bursts created by runaway of thermal electrons from propagating lightning leaders, as well as gamma ray glows that possibly are created by relativistic runaway electron avalanches (RREA) that can last for minutes or more and are sometimes terminated by a discharge. In this work we predict a new intermediate thunderstorm radiation mechanism, which we call TGF afterglow, as it is caused by the capture of photonuclear neutrons produced by a TGF. TGF afterglows are milliseconds to seconds long; this duration is caused by the thermalization time of the intermediate neutrons. TGF afterglows indicate that the primary TGF has produced photons in the energy range of 10–30 MeV; they are nondirectional in contrast to the primary TGF. Gurevich et al. might have reported TGF afterglows in 2011.

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Lightning origination and thunderstorm ground enhancements terminated by the lightning flash

Cited by 32 publications

References 27 publications

Termination of Electron Acceleration in Thundercloud by Intracloud/Intercloud Discharge

Termination of Electron Acceleration in Thundercloud by Intracloud/Intercloud Discharge

High Peak‐Current Lightning Discharges Associated With Downward Terrestrial Gamma‐Ray Flashes

TGF Afterglows: A New Radiation Mechanism From Thunderstorms

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