Lightning under water: Diverse reactive environments and evidence of synergistic effects for material treatment and activation

Levchenko, Igor; Bazaka, Kateryna; Baranov, Oleg; Sankaran, R. Mohan; Nominé, Alexandre; Belmonte, T.; Xu, Shuyan

doi:10.1063/1.5024865

Cited by 54 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 203 publications

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“…The line of the CH radical at 431 nm mainly results from the dissociation of the EG molecule by reactions (R–(R . The C 2 Swan band system at 516 nm (d 3 Πg→a 3 Πu, Δ ν =0) may arise from the carbon fractions in raw biomass and/or in the residue

true normale^{-} + normalH_{2} normalO \to OH + normalH + normale^{-}

true HOCH_{2} CH_{2} OH + normale^{-} \to normalC_{2} normalH_{4} + 2 OH + normale^{-}

true normalC_{2} normalH_{4} + normale^{-} \to 2 CH_{2} + normale^{-}

true normalH + CH_{2} \to CH + normalH_{2}

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Performance Plasma‐Enabled Biorefining of Microalgae to Value‐Added Products

Zhou

Zhang

et al. 2019

ChemSusChem

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Conversion of renewable biomass by time‐ and energy‐efficient techniques remains an important challenge. Herein, plasma catalytic liquefaction (PCL) is employed to achieve rapid liquefaction of microalgae under mild conditions. The choice of the catalyst affects both the liquefaction efficiency and the yield of products. The acid catalyst is more effective and gave a liquid yield of 73.95 wt % in 3 min, as opposed to 69.80 wt % obtained with the basic catalyst in 7 min. Analyses of the thus‐formed products and the processing environment reveal that the enhanced PCL performance is linked to the rapid increase in temperature under the effect of plasma‐induced electric fields and the generation of large quantities of reactive species. Moreover, the obtained solid residue can be simply upgraded to a carbon product suitable for supercapacitor applications. Therefore, the proposed strategy may provide a new avenue for fast and comprehensive utilization of biomass under benign conditions.

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true normale^{-} + normalH_{2} normalO \to OH + normalH + normale^{-}

true HOCH_{2} CH_{2} OH + normale^{-} \to normalC_{2} normalH_{4} + 2 OH + normale^{-}

true normalC_{2} normalH_{4} + normale^{-} \to 2 CH_{2} + normale^{-}

true normalH + CH_{2} \to CH + normalH_{2}

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Performance Plasma‐Enabled Biorefining of Microalgae to Value‐Added Products

Zhou

Zhang

et al. 2019

ChemSusChem

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“…Non-equilibrium processes (laser-induced [18], plasmaenhanced [19], microwave-assisted [20], carbothermal [14] etc.) attract an increasing attention for the synthesis of complex nanomaterials (alloys, core-shell, multimetallic) as they involve both locally and temporally extreme conditions of temperature and pressure (and their gradients) that could not be attained otherwise [21]. If very locally temperature reaches several thousand degrees and pressure several hundred bars, all these processes are macroscopically run at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, which represents a strong asset for industrial development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Effect of Plasma and Laser Processes in Liquid for Alloyed-Nanoparticle Synthesis

et al. 2020

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Cu-Ag alloy nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthesized from micropowders of pure Cu and Ag using consecutively two non-equilibrium processes based on plasma and lasers in liquids. Plasma process reduces the size of initial micrometric powders down to nanometric size at which the laser fluence is sufficient to melt them, making alloying possible. Measurements at macroscopic (solution absorption), microscopic (scattering of individual NPs) and nanoscopic (electron microscopy) scales confirm alloying of NPs and homogenization in size and composition. This has noticeable effect on the final colloidal solution that absorbs yellow-orange light (550-600 nm) after laser treatment. The possibility to quench the as-formed liquid alloy leads to phase compositions that are not compliant with the phase diagram. With a synthesis rate of 360 mg/h, this process opens up interesting perspectives for non-equilibrium nanometallurgy of functional NPs.

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“…Other methods are discharge plasmas in gas bubbles entered into the water through pipes [3,4] and in the spray [5]. The industrial applications of these discharge plasmas have also been investigated by many researchers [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulsed Discharge Plasmas in Contact with Water and their Applications

Akiyama¹,

Akiyama

2020

IEEJ Transactions Elec Engng

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Large-volume pulsed discharge plasmas have been studied to gain insight on their phenomena and to realize their applications in various areas, such as sterilization, water treatment, and cancer treatment. Since 2000, when a review paper titled 'Streamer Discharges in Liquids and their Application' was published, a number of related papers have been reported in the literature; these reports are summarized in this review paper. Four types of pulsed power-generated large-volume discharges in contact with water are presented as representative examples. The discharges are reviewed from the perspectives of the physical and chemical phenomena, as follows: the initiation of filamentary and bush-like streamers in water; the propagation and extinction of streamer discharge plasmas; the production, behavior, and collapse of bubbles; the measurement of temperature, density, electric field, shock wave, and radicals; the wide discharge on the water surface. Finally, the applications of these large-volume discharge plasmas are described.

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Lightning under water: Diverse reactive environments and evidence of synergistic effects for material treatment and activation

Cited by 54 publications

References 203 publications

High‐Performance Plasma‐Enabled Biorefining of Microalgae to Value‐Added Products

High‐Performance Plasma‐Enabled Biorefining of Microalgae to Value‐Added Products

Synergistic Effect of Plasma and Laser Processes in Liquid for Alloyed-Nanoparticle Synthesis

Pulsed Discharge Plasmas in Contact with Water and their Applications

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