Internet of Things (IoT) is a developing technology used for enhancing the communication and providing flexibility to humans. The data packets are transmitted through better routing path using the IoT nodes in the network. This research presents an effective optimization algorithm for selecting the effective routing path for the transmission of the speech signal to the destination effectively. The optimization algorithm namely, chronological atom search optimization (chronological ASO) algorithm is developed for selecting the routing path. The chronological ASO algorithm is developed by integrating the chronological concept in ASO algorithm. After the initialization of the network, the effective routing path is selected using the fitness parameters, such as energy, delay and distance. Then, the speech signal is transmitted from the source node to the destination node by selecting the routing path having maximum fitness function. The performance analysis of the proposed chronological ASO algorithm is done based on the metrics, such as energy, throughput, and PDR. When compared to the existing methods, the proposed method provided a maximal energy of 0.2375, maximal PDR of 46.1538, and maximal throughput of 0.0792 for 50 nodes and obtained a maximal energy of 0.1381, maximal PDR of 32.0988, and maximal throughput of 0.0395, respectively.