Lightweight Wood Composites: Challenges, Production and Performance

Monteiro, Sandra; Martins, Jorge; Magalhães, Fernão D.; Carvalho, Luísa

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-68696-7_7

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Nowadays, density reduction has become a topical issue in wood-based composite industry for application in building and furniture [1][2][3]. The lightweight wood-based panels are desirable for both economic and environmental reasons: lower costs in consequence of weight reduction and transportation, possibility of obtaining thick elements and ease of transportation and assembly [1,4]. Rigid polyurethane (PU) foams are highly crosslinked, three-dimensional porous materials with many desirable properties such as low density, low thermal conductivity, high strength-to-weight ratio and moisture resistance [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of incorporation of lignin as bio-polyol on the performance of rigid lightweight wood–polyurethane composite foams

2020

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Density reduction has become a topical issue in wood composite materials for application in building and furniture. In this study, lightweight wood-polyurethane (W-PU) composite foams with the addition of 30 wt% wood particles were prepared. Industrial kraft lignin was used as bio-polyol to substitute partial petroleum-based diethylene glycol (DEG) to synthesize rigid W-PU foams. The effect of varying lignin contents (5, 10, 15 and 20 wt% based on DEG mass) on the reactivity, morphology, density, compressive properties, water absorption and thermal stability of the foams was evaluated. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis confirmed the formation of characteristic urethane linkages in all the foam samples. With the incorporation of lignin, the foam cellular shape became irregular with formation of large cells. W-PU foams exhibited poor cellular structures with a larger number of open cells. The density of W-PU foams increased from 47 to 96 kg/m 3 as the lignin content increased from 0 to 20%. Although the foam reactivity was decreased by the incorporation of lignin, both the compressive strength and modulus were increased upon the incorporation of lignin. Furthermore, the specific compressive strength and modulus of W-PU foams increased by 55% and 48% with lignin content increasing from 0 to 20%, and the 20-day water absorption decreased by 38%. Thermal gravimetric analysis showed that the incorporation of lignin did not significantly affect the thermal degradation behaviour of foam, but it rather increased the mass of char residue. This study provides a promising method for value-added utilization of technical lignin in W-PU lightweight composites.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of incorporation of lignin as bio-polyol on the performance of rigid lightweight wood–polyurethane composite foams

2020

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“…In the current study, the coarse particle was applied in the core layer, due to the large particles are expected to give better mechanical strength, while the small ones was good for surface quality (Monteiro et al 2018). The internal structure of the particleboards is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Density Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lightweight wood-based panels bring doi:/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/65. 1.125134 many advantages such as more rational utilization of wood, easier transportation and handling, lower transportation cost due to mass reduction (Barbu 2016, Monteiro et al 2018.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Materials like foamed starch (Monteiro et al 2016), dried distillers grains with solubles (Sundquist and Bajwa 2016), expanded polystyrene (PS) (Bajzová et al 2018) and expandable microspheres (Shalbafan et al 2012b) have been reported to be applied in the core layer of particleboard. BASF company developed a technology for producing lightweight particleboards called Kaurit® Light, with the core layer comprised of the mixture of wood particles and foamed PS beads, achieving 20~30% lower density than the conventional particleboard (Monteiro et al 2018). Shalbafan et al (2012a; 2013) produced ultra-lightweight sandwich particleboards with a density around 300 kg .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Face Layer Manipulation on the Density Profile and Properties of Low Density Particleboard

Luo¹,

Gao²,

Guo³

2020

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Density reduction has gradually become a trend for the particleboard and furniture industries due to increased price and insufficient supply of wood. However, reduced density of the panels by the simple reduction of the wood material comes along with deterioration of the properties. In this study, to achieve sufficient properties (bending properties in particular), the particle moisture content (MC) and geometry in face layers were manipulated to manufacture low density particleboards (500 kg. m-3), with the core layer composed of a mixture of wood particles (92.5 wt %) and expanded polystyrene (7.5 wt %). This strategy was assumed to increase face layer density and generate a more pronounced vertical density profile, which is expected to improve panel properties. The density profile, mechanical properties and dimensional stability of the particleboards were investigated. Results showed that increasing the moisture content of face layer particles from 8% to 16% or using small-sized particle in face layer resulted in a more pronounced density profile, as well as using fiber in face layer. However, the higher density in the face layer was not necessarily related with better mechanical performance. The optimum physic-mechanical properties were obtained with the board of face layer made of 16% MC fiber, which met the requirements for P2 boards used in dry conditions (EN 312).

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“…Among the array of such natural-based adhesives are starch, tannins, lignin, and soy protein. 31 While most natural adhesives require their combination of a suitable synthetic compound to meet the required specification for a good natural wood adhesive, tannins, on the other hand, could be used directly or in combination with lignin which also a natural-based wood adhesive. The choice of the wood adhesive depends on the effect of resin that would be used on the production costs and also its environmental impacts resin on human health.…”

Section: Natural-based Wood Particle Bindersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adhesive application on particleboard from natural fibers: A review

et al. 2020

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Impending health challenges in the formulations of particleboards from cellulosic-based waste particles such as wood chips, sawdust, and veneer boards are of great concern. These wastes are majorly bonded together with synthetic resin or binder in the presence of heat and pressure to produce particleboards of various specifications and sizes depending on the end-use. The qualities of the particleboards depend on the modification of the particle geometry, resin levels, board density, and manufacturing processes. The addition of special additives to enhance the qualitative performance of particleboards such as dimensional stability, fire retardancy enhancement, and moisture resistance is included in the manufacturing process. The milestone in the use of wood particles for particleboard manufacture is the large reduction in the environmental hazard that these abundant wastes cause. Furthermore, this review reports recent research efforts in the use of green adhesives to reduce the health threat related to utilizing formaldehyde-based particleboard. The use of adhesives produced from natural sources has contributed toward the reduction in the impending health challenges and the cost of building construction by using such a particleboard.

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Lightweight Wood Composites: Challenges, Production and Performance

Cited by 16 publications

References 36 publications

Effect of incorporation of lignin as bio-polyol on the performance of rigid lightweight wood–polyurethane composite foams

Effect of incorporation of lignin as bio-polyol on the performance of rigid lightweight wood–polyurethane composite foams

Effect of Face Layer Manipulation on the Density Profile and Properties of Low Density Particleboard

Adhesive application on particleboard from natural fibers: A review

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