Lignin-based phenolic resin modified with whisker silicon and its application

Zhang, Na; Li, Zhuo; Xiao, Yanan; Pan, Zheng; Jia, Puyou; Feng, Guodong; Bao, Caiying; Hua, Lilong

doi:10.1016/j.jobab.2020.03.008

Cited by 52 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The third stage involves the degradation of phenol in the range of 450–600 °C. This stage is the main weight-loss stage for resoles containing phenol and lignin owing to the further degradation of phenols into a carbonaceous structure [ 13 , 40 ]. We note from the figure that the mass residuals of PR, LR-5, LR-10, and LR-15 are 0.17%, 4.44%, 16.21%, and 5.22% by weight of the resoles, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of dehydration methods for untreated lignin resole by hot air oven and vacuum rotary evaporator to synthesize lignin-based phenolic foam

Suttaphakdee

Neramittagapong

Theerakulpisut

et al. 2022

Heliyon

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We investigate two different dehydration methods to determine their suitability for preparing resoles for foam synthesis. A simplified process for synthesizing lignin foam (LF) from lignin resole (LR) dehydrated in a hot air oven (HAO) is compared with that dehydrated using a vacuum rotary evaporator (VRE). First, the LR formulation is prepared by mixing phenol with untreated lignin (0%–15% by weight), and subsequently, the prepared LRs are dehydrated using an HAO and a VRE. We find that for the same dehydration time, both techniques yield LRs with the same chemical compositions; however, the HAO technique affords a moisture removal of 13–17% by weight, whereas the VRE technique removes 9–12% moisture by weight. The LR obtained by the HAO is more viscous and maintains a circular shape after being dropped on a plate. In our experimental synthesis of LF containing VRE resole, biofoam is not formed owing to insufficient viscosity, whereas biofoam is obtained with the HAO resole. The synthesized LF exhibits a density range of 44.96–85.68 kg/m 3 and a compressive strength of 103.28–152.27 kPa. Scanning electron microscopy investigations show that the morphology of the foam is a closed-cell structure. The simplified synthesis of LF from the HAO-treated resole offers significant advantages over the complexity of the conventional VRE approach in terms of equipment cost and energy consumption. The resulting foam exhibits a thermal stability and thermal performance comparable with the counterpart properties of phenolic foam.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of dehydration methods for untreated lignin resole by hot air oven and vacuum rotary evaporator to synthesize lignin-based phenolic foam

Suttaphakdee

Neramittagapong

Theerakulpisut

et al. 2022

Heliyon

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“…Therefore, we verified the cross-linking properties of EHL with Lewis acid-modified fibers by FTIR spectroscopy. Figure 7 shows the FTIR spectra of CS, CCS, ES, HES, LS, ELS, and HELS, and Table 6 summarizes the assignments of each spectrum, according to the results reported in [ 27 , 28 , 29 ]. The absorption peaks of the above samples in the range of 3500–3200 cm − 1 were assigned to the stretching vibration of ‒OH.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Molded Fiber Products from Hydroxylated Lignin Compounded with Lewis Acid-Modified Fibers Its Analysis

et al. 2021

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In this study, molded fiber products (MFPs) were prepared from lignin compounded with Lewis acid-modified fibers using enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL) as a bio-phenol. The fibers were modified and compounded entirely through hot-pressing. To improve the reactivity of enzymatic lignin, hydroxylated enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (HEHL) was prepared by hydroxylation modification of purified EHL with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ferrous hydroxide (Fe(OH)3). HEHL was mixed uniformly with Lewis acid-modified fibers on a pressure machine and modified during the molding process. The purpose of Lewis acid degradation of hemicellulose-converted furfural with HEHL was to generate a resin structure to improve the mechanical properties of a MFPs. The microstructure of the MFP was shown to be generated by resin structure, and it was demonstrated that HEHL was compounded on Lewis acid-modified fibers during the molding process. The thermal stability of the MFP with composite HEHL did not change significantly owing to the addition of lignin and had higher tensile strength (46.28 MPa) and flexural strength (65.26 MPa) compared to uncompounded and modified MFP. The results of this study are expected to promote the application of high lignin content fibers in molded fibers.

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“…The bonding performance of the resin depends on the resin chemical structure; thus, the crosslinking modification of furfural was verified by FTIR. The FTIR spectra of the PF, LPF, and LPFF15 are displayed in Figure 5, and Table 1 summarizes the assignments of each spectrum [31][32][33]. The absorptions at 1329 and 1112 cm −1 are attributed to lignin syringyl C-O stretching and syringyl aromatic ring C-H in-plane deformation, respectively [34].…”

Section: Possible Interaction Between Furfural and Lpf Adhesivementioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of High-Water-Resistance Lignin-Phenol Resin Adhesive with Furfural as a Crosslinking Agent

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2020

Polymers

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In this study, furfural was used as a crosslinking agent to enhance the water resistance of lignin-phenol-formaldehyde (LPF) resin. The effect of the furfural content on the physicochemical properties of the adhesives was explored, and the possible synthesis mechanism of the furfural-modified lignin-phenol-formaldehyde (LPFF) resin adhesives was investigated. Compared with the LPF adhesive, the LPFF adhesive with 15% furfural content and 50% lignin substituent exhibited outstanding properties in all considered aspects; it had a high wet shear strength (1.30 MPa), moderate solid content (54.51%), and low viscosity (128 mPa∙s), which were 38.0% higher, 3.6% higher, and 37.5% lower than those of the LPF adhesive. Analyses via nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed that the furfural content improved water resistance of the lignin-based adhesive; this improvement was due to the formation of new chemical bonds between furfural and lignin to construct a dense crosslinked network structure. In addition, the decrease in viscosity and the increase in solid content enabled the adhesive to better penetrate into the wood porous structure, showing stronger adhesion. Therefore, the LPFF adhesive has superior water resistance, high strength, and good thermal stability; thus, it has a great potential for industrial applications.

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Lignin-based phenolic resin modified with whisker silicon and its application

Cited by 52 publications

References 9 publications

Comparison of dehydration methods for untreated lignin resole by hot air oven and vacuum rotary evaporator to synthesize lignin-based phenolic foam

Comparison of dehydration methods for untreated lignin resole by hot air oven and vacuum rotary evaporator to synthesize lignin-based phenolic foam

Preparation of Molded Fiber Products from Hydroxylated Lignin Compounded with Lewis Acid-Modified Fibers Its Analysis

Synthesis of High-Water-Resistance Lignin-Phenol Resin Adhesive with Furfural as a Crosslinking Agent

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