Lignin‐xylaric acid‐polyurethane‐based polymer network systems: Preparation and characterization

Pohjanlehto, Helinä; Setälä, Harri; Kiely, Donald E.; McDonald, Armando G.

doi:10.1002/app.39714

Cited by 35 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…(C-H stretching in methylene groups of the side chains), and 1595 cm -1 (aromatic skeletal vibrations) (Pohjanlehto et al 2013;Zhou et al 2013) increased, while the sulfonate (R-SO2-O -) at 1044 cm -1 and ether at 1113 cm -1 (Hu et al 2012;Faix 1992) decreased upon alkaline treatment. These changes indicate an increase in hydroxymethyl group abundance and ether bond scission resulting from the alkaline hydrolysis of lignin (El Mansouri et al 2006).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Lignosulfonate- and Hydrolyzed Lignosulfonate-based Polyurethane Foams

et al. 2016

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Lignosulfonate and lignosulfonate hydrolyzed under alkaline conditions were used as the polyol components in polyurethane foam formulations. Although the treatment increased hydroxyl group abundance, it did not improve the applicability of hydrolyzed lignosulfonate in polyurethane foam. Thus, the use of original lignosulfonate yielded foams of thermal stability and mechanical properties comparable to other types of biobased foams (Young's moduli 0.95 to 4.42 MPa, 50% weight loss, and temperature ca. 500 °C). Lignosulfonates can be a renewable polyol component for the formulation of rigid, semi-rigid, and flexible foams.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Lignosulfonate- and Hydrolyzed Lignosulfonate-based Polyurethane Foams

et al. 2016

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“…These C-O-C linkages are formed by the condensation between sucrose hydroxyls, sucrose hydroxyl and GO hydroxyls and between GO hydroxyls. It appears that the C-O-C linkages involving the GO are more thermally stable due to its aromatic nature [57]. The high-temperature decomposition is due to the formation of CO from the cross-linked carbon-rich structure containing the C-O-C linkages.…”

Section: Foaming and Setting Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Graphene-reinforced carbon composite foams with improved strength and EMI shielding from sucrose and graphene oxide

2015

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Graphene-reinforced carbon composite foams were prepared by thermo-foaming of graphene oxide (GO) dispersions in molten sucrose to form solid organic foams followed by carbonization at 900°C. The hydrogen bonding interactions between sucrose hydroxyls and functional groups on GO decreased the melting point of sucrose from 185 to 120°C when the GO concentration increased from 0 to 1.25 wt%. The viscosity of GO dispersions in molten sucrose increased gradually with an increase in GO concentration up to 0.75 wt% and then rapidly up to 1.25 wt%. The foaming time and foam setting time decreased drastically from 6 to 1 h and 34 to 9 h, respectively, when the GO concentration increased from 0.15 to 1.25 wt% due to the catalytic effect of GO toward -OH to -OH condensation. The density and cell size of the carbon composite foams depended on the GO concentration. A maximum compressive strength and specific compressive strength of 5.2 MPa and 21.3 MPa g -1 cm -3 , respectively, achieved at a very low GO concentration of 0.25 wt% corresponded to an increase of 189 and 133 %. The electrical conductivity and EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of the graphene-reinforced carbon composite foams increased with an increase in the GO concentration up to 0.15 wt% and then decreased. The decrease was due to a decrease in foam density and GO agglomeration at higher GO concentrations. The maximum SE and specific SE of 38.6 dB and 160 dB g -1 cm -3 were achieved at GO concentrations of 0.15 and 1 wt%, respectively.

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“…The limitation of the T g -reducing effect of PBD glycol to very low levels of polyol mixing could be explained by the poor solubility of PBD in the lignin derivative network (i.e., < 3.6% and < 7.1% for HDI and TDI-based polyurethanes, respectively). 85 The pre-polymer was crosslinked with 5, 10, and 15 wt % of an industrial soda lignin, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used to incorporate soft segments into the material. A dramatic similarity between both was revealed with the rubber-networks showing transitions at a lower temperature with a steady decrease in T g as a result of soft segment incorporation.…”

Section: Scheme 5 Polyesters Synthesized Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal properties of lignin in copolymers, blends, and composites: a review

2015

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The need for renewable alternatives to conventional petroleum based polymers has been the motivation for work on biobased composites, blends and materials whose foundations are carbon neutral feedstocks. Lignin, an abundant plant derived feedstock, and waste byproduct of the cellulosic ethanol and pulp and paper industry, qualifies as a renewable material. Despite the fact that it is often difficult to blend lignin with other polymers due to its complex structure and reactivity, published research over the past decade, has focused on issues such as lignin miscibility with other polymers, the thermal and mechanical strength behavior of its copolymers and its fractions as well as efforts of tuning its thermal properties via chemical modifications and other means. As such this effort now attempts to offer a comprehensive overview that largely discusses the importance of these processes with the aim toward effective, cost efficient and environmentally friendly means that may allow the utilization of this important and largely ignored biopolymer.

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Lignin‐xylaric acid‐polyurethane‐based polymer network systems: Preparation and characterization

Cited by 35 publications

References 45 publications

Characterization of Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Lignosulfonate- and Hydrolyzed Lignosulfonate-based Polyurethane Foams

Characterization of Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Lignosulfonate- and Hydrolyzed Lignosulfonate-based Polyurethane Foams

Graphene-reinforced carbon composite foams with improved strength and EMI shielding from sucrose and graphene oxide

Thermal properties of lignin in copolymers, blends, and composites: a review

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