Lignocellulosic biomass-based pyrolysis: A comprehensive review

Yogalakshmi, K.N.; T, Poornima Devi; Sivashanmugam, P.; Kavitha, S.; R, Yukesh Kannah; Varjani, Sunita; Adishkumar, S.; Kumar, Gopalakrishnan; Banu, J. Rajesh

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131824

Cited by 202 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…Gas yield is only moderately affected at large drainage space-times. This is most likely the consequence of the stoichiometry (α 6 ¼ 0:2; γ 6 ¼ 0:8) assumed in the computations, which is consistent with a predominant yield to C, rather than G, as oil undergoes heterogeneous secondary conversion along reaction (6).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

“…Secondary reactions (4) and ( 5) account for homogeneous cracking/rearrangement, condensation, and aromatization of oil to gas and/or char. Reaction (6) represents the bundle of secondary heterogeneous reactions between vapours (O) and char in a lumped form. The kinetics of primary reactions is modelled according to expressions proposed by Di Blasi and Branca.…”

Section: Reaction Network and Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3] Bio-oil is generated by fast pyrolysis through a complex chemical network of series-parallel thermally activated reactions starting with early depolymerization of lignocellulosic biopolymers (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin), eventually followed by cracking and rearrangement/isomerization, polymerization, aromatization, volatilization, and condensation. [4][5][6] The inherent heterogeneity of biomass feedstocks and the complexity of the pyrolytic chemical pathways are responsible for the broad variety of chemical compounds in the bio-oil, including pyrolytic sugars and oligosaccharides, furans, alkylphenols, acids, ketones, and aldehydes, together with substantial amounts of water. The complex composition and poor properties (high viscosity, acidic pH, low heat value, and limited stability) of bio-oils may jeopardize their further processing and use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling fast pyrolysis of biomass in a fluidized bed reactor

Troiano

Ianzito

Solimene³

et al. 2022

Can J Chem Eng

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A compartmental one‐dimensional model of a fluidized bed pyrolytic converter of biomass is presented. Reference conditions are those of non‐catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass in a shallow fluidized bed with external regeneration of the bed material. The fate of biomass and of the resulting char has been modelled by considering elutriation of biomass and char particles, char attrition as well as bed drain/regeneration. The course of primary and secondary pyrolitic reactions is modelled according to a semi‐lumped reaction network using well‐established kinetic parameters taken from the literature. A specific focus of the present study is the role of the heterogeneous volatile–char secondary reactions, whose rate has been modelled by borrowing a kinetic expression from the neighbouring area of tar adsorption/decomposition over char. The results of computations highlight the relevance of heterogeneous volatile–char secondary reactions and of the closely associated control of char loading in the bed. The sensitivity of the reactor performance to char elutriation and attrition, to proper management of bed drain/regeneration, and to control of gas phase backmixing is demonstrated. Model results provide useful guidelines for optimal design and control of fluidized bed pyrolyzers and pinpoint future research priorities.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Reaction Network and Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling fast pyrolysis of biomass in a fluidized bed reactor

Troiano

Ianzito

Solimene³

et al. 2022

Can J Chem Eng

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“…Zhu and Zhong reported the activation energy and pre-exponential factor as the kinetic parameters for the biomass constituents [14]. The effect of different pyrolysis conditions on the lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis yield and quality was studied to investigate the environmental and economic aspects of pyrolysis by Yogalakshmi et al [15]. On the other hand, the pyrolytic behavior of several biomass samples has been studied since the last quarter of the 20th century [16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TGA-FTIR Analysis of Biomass Samples Based on the Thermal Decomposition Behavior of Hemicellulose, Cellulose, and Lignin

Apaydın-Varol

Mutlu

2023

Energies

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The slow pyrolysis characteristics of lignocellulosic biomass and its three major components via a Thermogravimetric Analyzer coupled with a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (TGA-FTIR) was studied. Different compositions and ratios of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, olive pomace, sunflower waste, and pinecone were selected. The main decomposition temperature ranges of xylose (hemicellulose) and lignin showed a broad range between 173–690 and 170–835 °C, respectively, whereas that of cellulose was detected to be 291–395 °C. All biomass samples presented a three-stage pyrolysis model that is explained by the superposition of the weight losses of major components. Simultaneous FTIR analysis of the evolved gases demonstrated that the greater the cellulose and hemicellulose contents, the higher the CO and CO2 concentrations. Chemical kinetics were computed with the Coats–Redfern model. The activation energy required for the initiation of the thermal decomposition of biomass samples is in the range of 53–94 kJ/mol. Moreover, the product yields of all samples were determined via laboratory-scale pyrolysis. Pyrolytic oil and char yields were determined to be between 18.9–32.4 wt.% and 26.6–31.2 wt.%, respectively, at 550 °C final temperature for the biomass samples. It is concluded that the bio-oil yield was not only controlled by the cellulose content but also affected by the presence of n-hexane soluble (oil) fraction as well as inorganics.

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“…Biomass has attracted widespread interest, because of its cleanliness, zero carbon, wide availability, and a high potential for utilization . Biomass gasification has been widely studied as the main biomass utilization mode because it could produce liquid fuels or high-value syngas under relatively mild conditions. − However, conventional biomass gasification processes typically have high levels of bio-oil, leading to pipeline blockages and adverse effects on downstream operations .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Looping Reforming of Toluene as Volatile Model Compound over LaFe_xM_1–xO₃@SBA via Encapsulation Strategy

Sun

Zhang

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Aiming at the problems of large tar influence and low gasification efficiency in traditional biomass gasification, in this paper, a chemical looping reforming (CLR) of volatiles from biomass pyrolysis based on decoupling strategy is proposed to convert macromolecular volatiles into hydrogen-rich syngas. A series of highly active and selective oxygen carrier (OC) SBA-15 encapsulating LaFe x M1–x O3 (M = Ni, Cu, Co) for the biomass CLR process was developed. Reaction kinetics and cycling performance of toluene CLR process on LaFe0.6Co0.4O3@SBA-15 OCs were explored. Experimental results showed that the encapsulation effect gave the metal oxide a better dispersion, reduced the sintering, and improved the reaction performance. Compared with LaFeO3, the toluene conversion increased from 52.3% to 79.7%, the CO selectivity improved from 57.0% to 87.4%, and the oxygen release (OR) increased by 100% after encapsulation in SBA-15. Due to the substitution of Ni2+, Cu2+ and Co2+ on Fe3+, more oxygen vacancies in OCs were created, and both conversions of toluene and selectivity of CO were improved. Among them, the incorporation of Co had the best performance, the toluene conversion was 81.6%, and the CO selectivity was 96.8%. The kinetics of the LaFe0.6Co0.4O3@SBA-15 reaction was solved using a gas–solid reaction model with an activation energy of 103.9 kJ mol–1 and a pre-exponential factor of 123.8 s–1. The performance of LaFe0.6Co0.4O3@SBA-15 was tested for 10 cycles, and it was found that conversion of toluene and CO selectivity were well-maintained at 90.0%–92.0% and 93.0%–96.0%, respectively. This study could guide the selection of OCs in reforming macromolecular volatiles from biomass pyrolysis to produce hydrogen-rich syngas.

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Lignocellulosic biomass-based pyrolysis: A comprehensive review

Cited by 202 publications

References 121 publications

Modelling fast pyrolysis of biomass in a fluidized bed reactor

Modelling fast pyrolysis of biomass in a fluidized bed reactor

TGA-FTIR Analysis of Biomass Samples Based on the Thermal Decomposition Behavior of Hemicellulose, Cellulose, and Lignin

Chemical Looping Reforming of Toluene as Volatile Model Compound over LaFe_xM_1–xO₃@SBA via Encapsulation Strategy

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Lignocellulosic biomass-based pyrolysis: A comprehensive review

Cited by 202 publications

References 121 publications

Modelling fast pyrolysis of biomass in a fluidized bed reactor

Modelling fast pyrolysis of biomass in a fluidized bed reactor

TGA-FTIR Analysis of Biomass Samples Based on the Thermal Decomposition Behavior of Hemicellulose, Cellulose, and Lignin

Chemical Looping Reforming of Toluene as Volatile Model Compound over LaFexM1–xO3@SBA via Encapsulation Strategy

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Product

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Chemical Looping Reforming of Toluene as Volatile Model Compound over LaFe_xM_1–xO₃@SBA via Encapsulation Strategy