“Like it’s wrong, but it’s not that wrong:” Exploring the normalization of risk-compensatory strategies among young drivers engaging in illegal smartphone use

Kaviani, F.; Young, Kristie Lee; Robards, Brady; Koppel, Sjaanie Narelle

doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2021.06.010

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Despite teens acknowledging the dangers and generally supporting laws limiting TWD [7], they also continue to engage in DDB [8,9] and are more likely to be in crashes involving distracted driving [10,11]. While phone blocking apps have been found to be more effective than a control condition at reducing TWD amongst teen drivers, they do not eliminate it [12], in part because of a lack of motivation to use the apps [13].…”

Section: Teen Distracted Driving Paradoxmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, even if motivated, novice teen drivers often lack the ability to comply with texting bans due to poor impulse control [14] and problematic cell phone use [15]. These issues, combined with the perceived advantages of TWD and perceived utility of compensatory strategies [8], may outweigh acknowledged risks encouraging young novice drivers to persist in engaging in DDB [16].…”

Section: Teen Distracted Driving Paradoxmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating a Virtual Reality Game to Enhance Teen Distracted Driving Education: Mixed Methods Pilot Study (Preprint)

Peterson,

Visclosky,

Flannagan

et al. 2024

Preprint

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BACKGROUND Inexperienced adolescent drivers are particularly susceptible to engaging in distracted driving behaviors (DDB) such as texting while driving (TWD). Traditional driver education approaches have shown limited success in reducing motor vehicle crashes among young drivers. OBJECTIVE We test an innovative approach to help address the critical issue of DDB among teenagers. We investigated the effectiveness of using a novel virtual reality (VR) game "Distracted Navigator" to educate novice teenage drivers about DDB. METHODS The game consisted of maneuvering a spaceship around asteroids while engaging in simulated DDB (e.g., inputting numbers into a keypad). Facilitated discussion, based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, linked gameplay to real-life driving. Teenagers were recruited and divided into intervention (VR gameplay/discussion) and control (discussion only) groups in a ratio of 2:1. Pre-post surveys measured the impact on TWD-related beliefs and intentions. Focus group interviews elicited feedback on the utility of the VR gameplay and discussion. RESULTS The majority of participants were male (62.5%), ranging 14-17 years old (M(SD) =15.8(0.92)), with universal cell phone ownership. Approximately 60% reported never texting while driving and 29% said they rarely did. Compared to the control group (n=7), the intervention group (n=17) was more likely to report that the programming had changed how they felt about texting and driving overall (P=.015). However, specific TWD attitudes and intentions were not different by treatment status. Irrespective of the treatment, pre-and post-scores indicated reduced confidence in safely texting while driving (perceived behavioral control; P=.005). Thematic analysis revealed: 1) the VR gameplay adeptly portrayed real-world consequences of texting and driving; 2) participants highly valued the interactive nature of the VR game and discussion; 3) both the VR game and facilitated discussion were deemed as integral and complementary components, and 4) feedback for improving the VR game and discussion. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show the novel use of immersive VR experiences with interactive discussions can raise awareness of DDB consequences and is a promising method to enhance driving safety education. Widespread accessibility of VR technology allows for scalable integration into driver training programs, warranting a larger, prospective randomized study.

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Section: Teen Distracted Driving Paradoxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Teen Distracted Driving Paradoxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating a Virtual Reality Game to Enhance Teen Distracted Driving Education: Mixed Methods Pilot Study (Preprint)

Peterson,

Visclosky,

Flannagan

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, it is difficult to In efforts to close loopholes, systems architecture can be designed to incentivize people to make decisions that prioritize accident avoidance. This can be carried out through reminders of the importance of adhering to driving laws and regulations [79]. Research indicates that reminders of ethical context can reduce unethical behavior [80].…”

Section: Ai Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety of Human–Artificial Intelligence Systems: Applying Safety Science to Analyze Loopholes in Interactions between Human Organizations, Artificial Intelligence, and Individual People

Fox,

Victores

2024

Informatics

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Loopholes involve misalignments between rules about what should be done and what is actually done in practice. The focus of this paper is loopholes in interactions between human organizations’ implementations of task-specific artificial intelligence and individual people. The importance of identifying and addressing loopholes is recognized in safety science and in applications of AI. Here, an examination is provided of loophole sources in interactions between human organizations and individual people. Then, it is explained how the introduction of task-specific AI applications can introduce new sources of loopholes. Next, an analytical framework, which is well-established in safety science, is applied to analyses of loopholes in interactions between human organizations, artificial intelligence, and individual people. The example used in the analysis is human–artificial intelligence systems in gig economy delivery driving work.

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“…Whenever a notification is received, the persistent need to check the mobile phone while driving is very present, especially among young people. Even if the use of a mobile phone while driving is illegal in most countries of the world [ 40 ], younger adults perceive the risks associated with using mobile phones as “a natural and acceptable component of driving” [ 41 ]. This spread of mobile phone activities and the fact that smartphone users are unaware of their dependence [ 42 ] involves adopting some countermeasures such as public education messages [ 43 ] to reduce the risks associated with TPWD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Talking on the Phone While Driving: A Literature Review on Driving Simulator Studies

Boboc

Voinea

Buzdugan

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Distracted driving is a growing concern around the world and has been the focus of many naturalistic and simulator-based studies. Driving simulators provide excellent practical and theoretical help in studying the driving process, and considerable efforts have been made to prove their validity. This research aimed to review relevant simulator-based studies focused on investigating the effects of the talking-on-the-phone-while-driving distraction on drivers’ behavior. This work is a scoping review which followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. The search was performed on five databases, covering twenty years of research results. It was focused on finding answers to three research questions that could offer an overview of the main sources of distraction, the research infrastructure, and the measures that were used to analyze and predict the effects of distractions. A number of 4332 studies were identified in the database search, from which 83 were included in the review. The main findings revealed that TPWD distraction negatively affects driving performance, exposing drivers to dangerous traffic situations. Moreover, there is a general understanding that the driver’s cognitive, manual, visual, and auditory resources are all involved, to a certain degree, when executing a secondary task while driving.

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“Like it’s wrong, but it’s not that wrong:” Exploring the normalization of risk-compensatory strategies among young drivers engaging in illegal smartphone use

Cited by 11 publications

References 55 publications

Evaluating a Virtual Reality Game to Enhance Teen Distracted Driving Education: Mixed Methods Pilot Study (Preprint)

Evaluating a Virtual Reality Game to Enhance Teen Distracted Driving Education: Mixed Methods Pilot Study (Preprint)

Safety of Human–Artificial Intelligence Systems: Applying Safety Science to Analyze Loopholes in Interactions between Human Organizations, Artificial Intelligence, and Individual People

Talking on the Phone While Driving: A Literature Review on Driving Simulator Studies

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