Limaol: A Polyketide from the Benthic Marine Dinoflagellate <i>Prorocentrum lima</i>

Yang, Alryel; Lee, Sang-Bum; Yoo, Yeong Du; Kim, Hyung Seop; Jeong, Eun Ju; Rho, Jung‐Rae

doi:10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00127

Cited by 24 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…329 Two polyenes; a trioxilin 845 and a sulphoquinovosyl diacylglycerol 846 were obtained from Oxyrrhis marina 330 while Prorocentrum lima yielded the polyhydroxy compound limaol 847 (ref. 331) and a number of diol and sulfated diesters of okadaic acid and dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX-1), 848-855. 332 The presence of these compounds conrms that okadaic acid and DTX-1 are initially formed in dinoagellates as non-toxic sulphated esters.…”

Section: Dinoagellatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine natural products

et al. 2019

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Section: Dinoagellatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine natural products

et al. 2019

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“…Prorocentrolide C exhibited cytotoxicity against cancer cells in vitro (HCT-116 and Neuro-2a cells) (Lee et al, 2019) as well as 4-hydroxyprorocentrolide (inhibitory activity against human colon adenocarcinoma DLD-1 and human malignant melanoma RP-MI7951) (Lu et al, 2005). Formosalides and limaol has also shown cytotoxicity activity against tumor cell lines (hepatocellular carcinoma, colon adenocarcinoma, neuroblastoma and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells) (Lu et al, 2009;Yang et al, 2017).…”

Section: Toxic Bioactive Metabolites Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

High Value Phycotoxins From the Dinoflagellate Prorocentrum

et al. 2021

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Marine dinoflagellates produce chemically diverse compounds, with a wide range of biological activity (antimicrobial, anticancer, treatment of neurodegenerative disease along with use as biomedical research tools). Chemical diversity is highlighted by their production of molecules such as the saxitoxin family of alkaloids (C10H17N7O4 – 299 g/mol) to the amphipathic maitotoxin (C164H256O68S2Na2 – 3,422 g/mol), representing one of the largest and most complex secondary metabolites characterized. Dinoflagellates, are most well-known for the production of red tides which are frequently toxic, including okadaic acid and related dinophysistoxins, which are tumor promoters. The mode of action for these phycotoxins, is by specific inhibition of protein phosphatases, enzymes essential in regulation of many cellular processes. Hence, these compounds are being used for vital cell regulation studies. However, the availability of useful amounts of these compounds has restricted research. Chemical synthesis of some compounds such as okadaic acid has been investigated, but the complexity of the molecule resulted in many lengthy steps and achieved only a poor yield. The use of naturally occurring phytoplankton has been investigated as a potential source of these compounds, but it has been shown to be unreliable and impractical. The most practical option is large scale culture with down-stream processing/purification which requires specialist facilities and expertise. This review, describes the biotechnological potential of these organisms and the challenges to achieve useful yields of high quality phycotoxins using Prorocentrum spp. as an example to produce okadaic acid.

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“…ovata OVJJ1 were identified as new active compounds (Hwang et al 2013(Hwang et al , 2018. The strain P. lima Plima-YD-5 similarly exhibited cytotoxicity toward cell lines, and limaol was isolated from this strain (Yang et al 2017. Gambierdiscus sp.…”

Section: Possible Risks To Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among these toxic benthic dinoflagellate strains, the cultures of P. lima Plima-YD-5 and O. cf. ovata OVJJ1 were established from the cells detached from the thalli of popular edible macroalgae Sargassum fulvellum and G. amansii, respectively (Hwang et al 2013, Yang et al 2017. Along the coastal waters of the Korean Peninsula, there are many regions where S. fulvellum and G. amansii are naturally abundant or largely cultivated Park 2020, Korea Fisheries Resources Agency 2020).…”

Section: Possible Risks To Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benthic dinoflagellates in Korean waters

Lim¹,

Jeong²

2021

ALGAE

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The occurrence of benthic dinoflagellates, many of which are known to be toxic, is a critical concern for scientists, government officers, and people in the aquaculture, dining, and tourism industries. The interest in these dinoflagellates in countries with temperate climate is increasing because tropical or subtropical species introduced into temperate waters by currents are able to survive the winter season in the new environment owing to global warming. Recently, several species from the benthic dinoflagellate genera Amphidinium, Coolia, Ostreopsis, Gambierdiscus, and Prorocentrum have been reported in the waters of the South and East Sea of Korea. The advent of the benthic dinoflagellates in Korean waters is especially important because raw or slightly cooked seaweeds, which may harbor these benthic dinoflagellates, as well as raw fish, which can be potentially intoxicated by phytotoxins produced by some of these benthic dinoflagellates, are part of the daily Korean diet. The recent increase in temperature of Korean coastal waters has allowed for the expansion of benthic dinoflagellate species into these regions. In the present study, we reviewed the species, distribution, and toxicity of the benthic dinoflagellates that have been reported in Korean waters. We also provided an insight into the ecological and socio-economic importance of the occurrence of benthic dinoflagellates in Korean waters.

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Limaol: A Polyketide from the Benthic Marine Dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima

Cited by 24 publications

References 13 publications

Marine natural products

Marine natural products

High Value Phycotoxins From the Dinoflagellate Prorocentrum

Benthic dinoflagellates in Korean waters

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