Lime and orange essential oils and d-limonene as a potential COVID-19 inhibitor: Computational, in chemico, and cytotoxicity analysis

Corrêa, Aldrey Nathália Ribeiro; Weimer, Patrícia; Rossi, Rochele Cassanta; Hoffmann, Jéssica Fernanda; Koester, Letícia Scherer; Suyenaga, Edna Sayuri; Ferreira, Cristiano Dietrich

doi:10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102348

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…They concluded among 5 studies that D-limonene (14) possessed better tolerability and chemopreventive properties than the perillyl alcohol, but further well-designed studies should be carried out ( Chebet et al., 2021 ). A recent study described the potential of D-limonene (14) as anti-SARS-CoV-2 candidate, since it possesses similarities in structure with the thymidine of SARS-CoV-2 genome and low cytotoxic effects in MRC-5 (fibroblast) and HaCaT (keratinocyte) cell lines ( Correa et al., 2023 ). Although several in vivo studies have described the potential of D-limonene (14), limited data exists for its tolerability and safety in humans ( Anandakumar et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Larix decidua Mill. (Pinaceae) oleoresin’s essential oils composition using GC-MS

Batista,

Melo,

Holandino

et al. 2024

Front. Plant Sci.

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IntroductionLarch oleoresin has been described regarding several biological activities and medicinal applications, such as wound healing and treatment of ulcers, but little is known about its chemical composition.Material and methodsEight oleoresins from Larix decidua Mill. obtained from four companies and one adulterated control were therefore investigated to determine their content of essential oils and to verify possible differences in their composition in relation to the harvest and manufacturing processes. Essential oils (EOs) were isolated by distillation and the yield was analysed.Results and discussionThe yield of EO varied among all samples. The yield of the pure larch samples covered a range of 7.8% to 15.5%. A higher yield (19.0%) was observed for adulterated control, which contained oleoresins from different Pinaceae trees. Age of samples had no impact on yield. However, there was a significant statistical variation (p<0.05) in the yields of the mid-summer oleoresins (>10%) compared to early or late summer (<10%), emphasising the importance of the time of collection. Samples were subsequently analysed by GC-MS. EO samples confirmed the presence of various chemical classes, such as monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and diterpenes. α-pinene was the compound with the highest concentrations (>50%), followed by β-pinene (>6%), D-limonene (>2.5%), α-terpineol (>0.9%), β-myrcene (>0.2%), and 3-carene (>0.05%). Samples were grouped using multivariate data analysis (MVDA) with respect to the chemical variation between the oleoresins’ EOs. The resulting four clusters were named low (low yield obtained for the samples), mixed (mixed oleoresin from different Pinaceae species, adulteration control), old (old oleoresin kept in the institute), and normal (other oleoresins) samples, each presenting distinct chemical biomarkers. There were considerable differences between site and time of collection. Essential oil yield did not always meet requirements as defined by the German Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia. In addition, adulterated or aged samples could be identified as compared to pure and fresh larch oleoresins.ConclusionWe conclude that larch oleoresin used for pharmaceutical applications has to be carefully analysed and standardised to guarantee reproducible product quality.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Larix decidua Mill. (Pinaceae) oleoresin’s essential oils composition using GC-MS

Batista,

Melo,

Holandino

et al. 2024

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…They have been used for centuries for their therapeutic, cosmetic, and culinary properties. One of the most interesting and promising applications of essential oils is their antiviral activity, which has been demonstrated against a wide range of viruses, such as influenza, herpes, and coronavirus [6]. In this study, we briefly summarize the main mechanisms and modes of action of essential oils against these types of viruses and provide some review paper references for further reading.…”

Section: The Mechanisms and Modes Of Action Of Essential Oils Against...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral properties of Essential Oils: What do we know?

Bisson

2024

Braz. Journal of Health Aromatherapy and Essential Oil

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This narrative review delves into the antiviral properties of essential oils and aromatherapy, a field gaining prominence recently. Essential oils are noted for their pharmacological effects, particularly their antiviral capabilities. The review pays special attention to essential oils' effectiveness against influenza and coronaviruses. A comprehensive review in this context underscores the diverse chemical compounds in essential oils that offer broad-spectrum antiviral mechanisms. This is crucial given the growing resistance to conventional antiviral drugs, positioning plant-derived essential oils as potential novel antiviral agents. The hypothesis posited in this review is that essential oils could be effective natural antiviral agents, potentially useful as complementary or alternative therapies in viral infections. The review underscores the significance of essential oils' antiviral properties in enhancing human health, advocating for more focused research in this area.

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“…Molecular docking revealed that D-limonene has structural similarity to thymine in the SARS-CoV-2 viral genome and can potentially inhibit the receptor binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein from fusing with the ACE2 protein. This could reduce SARS-CoV-2 host cell binding, cellular internalization, and pathogen release [53,183]. Moreover, cytokine storm is a major cause of death in COVID-19 patients.…”

Section: Antiviral Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

D-Limonene: Promising and Sustainable Natural Bioactive Compound

Lin,

Li,

Sun

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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The discovery of antibiotics and pesticides has greatly contributed to the social and economic development of human society but, due to the long-term irrational application, it has led to drug-resistant microorganisms, environmental damage, and other hazards, so the selection of alternative natural, safe, and non-hazardous bioactive substances is an effective solution for this problem. D-limonene is a bioactive compound widely present in various plant essential oils, exhibiting excellent broad-spectrum bioactivity and promising prospects for development and clinical application. This review provides a detailed overview of the biological activities of D-limonene, emphasizing its antimicrobial, anthelmintic, insecticidal, and medicinal potential. While nanoencapsulation technology shows promise in improving the physicochemical properties of D-limonene and enhancing its practical applications, it is also crucial to comprehensively evaluate the potential side effects of D-limonene before use.

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Lime and orange essential oils and d-limonene as a potential COVID-19 inhibitor: Computational, in chemico, and cytotoxicity analysis

Cited by 15 publications

References 39 publications

Characterization of Larix decidua Mill. (Pinaceae) oleoresin’s essential oils composition using GC-MS

Characterization of Larix decidua Mill. (Pinaceae) oleoresin’s essential oils composition using GC-MS

Antiviral properties of Essential Oils: What do we know?

D-Limonene: Promising and Sustainable Natural Bioactive Compound

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