Lindane biodegradation by the Fusarium verticillioides AT-100 strain, isolated from Agave tequilana leaves: Kinetic study and identification of metabolites

Biotransformation of β-hexachlorocyclohexane by the saprotrophic soil fungus Penicillium griseofulvum

“…In this study, the formation of benzoic acid derivatives was observed in all the tests. Guillén-Jiménez et al (2012) observed the formation of the same compounds as dead-end products in the biodegradation of lindane by Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg AT-100.…”

“…Nirenberg AT-100. Other possible intermediates could not be detected, probably because of either the fast kinetics of biodegradation involved in the liquid medium, the low detection limits of the transient products, or their different values of polarity and volatility (Mougin et al, 1997;Guillén-Jiménez et al, 2012). Hydroxybenzenes, including hydroxybenzene aldehydes have been previously described as naturally-produced metabolites of P. griseofulvum (Laskin and Lechevalier, 1973;Domsch et al, 1993).…”

“…Of the known isomers of HCH, c-HCH is the only one endowed with insecticidal properties and pure c-HCH (>99%) products, commonly known as lindane, have been obtained by the refining of technical-grade HCH and used extensively as inexpensive insecticides for agricultural and pharmaceutical purposes worldwide (Phillips et al, 2005;Manickam et al, 2007;Lal et al, 2010;Sagar and Singh, 2011). The global occurrence of b-HCH in ecosystems is related to: (a) the production and extensive use of technical HCH-based formulations and commercial products of lindane; (b) the improper disposal of ''HCH-muck'', which is the so-called non-insecticidal waste composed of a mixture of all HCH isomers resulting as by-products from lindane production and technical-grade HCH purification; (c) isomerization from a-HCH and c-HCH isomers (Wu et al, 1997;Willett et al, 1998;Walker et al, 1999;Wania et al, 1999;Phillips et al, 2005;Manickam et al, 2007;Lal et al, 2010;Sagar and Singh, 2011;Guillén-Jiménez et al, 2012). b-HCH has the lowest volatility and is the most recalcitrant isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane with respect to microbial degradation (Bachmann et al, 1988;Willett et al, 1998;Middeldorp et al, 2005;Phillips et al, 2005;Lal et al, 2010).…”

“…Bioremediation by white-rot fungi can be very efficient because of the ligninolytic extracellular enzymes that can catalyze efficient degradation of organic pollutants, but soil environmental conditions (temperature, moisture content, C/N ratio), as well as the presence of other microorganisms can affect fungal activity and biodegradation (Gadd, 2001;Pointing, 2001). In contrast, non-white-rot fungal species isolated from polluted sites may be better adapted to environmental and ecological soil conditions than white-rot fungi and may be better organisms for bioremediation with faster growth rates and lower temperature and oxygen requirements (Nagpal et al, 2008;Guillén-Jiménez et al, 2012). Reports on non-white-rot fungi as lindane degraders are scanty and few fungal species have been studied (Tas ßeli, 2006;Nagpal et al, 2008;Sagar and Singh, 2011;Guillén-Jiménez et al, 2012;Salam et al, 2013;Salam and Das, 2014).…”

Lindane, kepone and pentachlorobenzene: chloropesticides banned by Stockholm convention

“…Once supported by UV radiation it provides nearly perfect decarbonisation and dechlorination (Khan et al 2015) due to strong role of SO 4 2-radical in slightly acidic environment (pH about 5.8) (Khan et al 2016). Other methods include photodegradation with photo-Fenton reaction (Nitoi et al 2013;Antonaraki et al 2010;Senthilnathan and Philip 2010) assuring total organic carbon removal within 2 h and some biodegradation processes including oxidation by fungi (Guillén-Jiménez et al 2012;Rigas et al 2010) or bacteria using it as a carbon source (Pesce and Wunderlin 2004;Saez et al 2012Saez et al , 2014. But not only simple microorganisms can cope with themalso demosponges were found to be capable of its biodegradation (Aresta et al 2015).…”