Line Overload Alleviations in Wind Energy Integrated Power Systems Using Automatic Generation Control

Abstract

Modern power systems are largely based on renewable energy sources, especially wind power. However, wind power, due to its intermittent nature and associated forecasting errors, requires an additional amount of balancing power provided through the automatic generation control (AGC) system. In normal operation, AGC dispatch is based on the fixed participation factor taking into account only the economic operation of generating units. However, large-scale injection of additional reserves results in large fluctuations of line power flows, which may overload the line and subsequently reduce the system security if AGC follows the fixed participation factor’s criteria. Therefore, to prevent the transmission line overloading, a dynamic dispatch strategy is required for the AGC system considering the capacities of the transmission lines along with the economic operation of generating units. This paper proposes a real-time dynamic AGC dispatch strategy, which protects the transmission line from overloading during the power dispatch process in an active power balancing operation. The proposed method optimizes the control of the AGC dispatch order to prevent power overflows in the transmission lines, which is achieved by considering how the output change of each generating unit affects the power flow in the associated bus system. Simulations are performed in Dig SILENT software by developing a 5 machine 8 bus Pakistan’s power system model integrating thermal power plant units, gas turbines, and wind power plant systems. Results show that the proposed AGC design efficiently avoids the transmission line congestions in highly wind-integrated power along with the economic operation of generating units.

Elimination of Line Overloads in a Power System Saturated with Renewable Energy Sources

“…As already mentioned in the literature, there are many works on the elimination of overloads [6,[24][25][26][27] and analyses related to determining the available transmission capacities of power grids [7,8,[28][29][30][31], as well as transmission capacities between areas, e.g., [32][33][34][35][36][37].…”

Wind Farms and Flexible Loads Contribution in Automatic Generation Control: An Extensive Review and Simulation

“…This is facilitated by a set of signals that enable effective communication between the two levels. Figure 1 provides a detailed representation of a wind farm, illustrating the interaction of signals between the levels of a power plant and a turbine [12].…”

“…This is facilitated by a set of signals that enable effective communication between the two levels. Figure 1 provides a detailed representation of a wind farm, illustrating the interaction of signals between the levels of a power plant and a turbine [12]. This interaction is characterized by the exchange of power signals and feedback signals, which are influential in delivering the necessary grid support as required.…”

“…The investigations described above have demonstrated that wind power plants possess the potential to furnish AGC services. Nonetheless, the technical potentialities and restrictions of wind power plants for delivering AGC services hinge on the type of wind turbine technology adopted and the control tactics implemented [12]. Hence, reviewing wind energy technologies and Energies 2023, 16, 5498 3 of 34 their corresponding control mechanisms is pivotal to offering frequency support services to the grid.…”

Neural net monitoring of signals parameters during the induction motors run-out

“…Signal parameters monitoring during transients in electrical engineering complexes is an relevant task [1][2][3][4]. During switching, in transient and emergency modes, not only the signal amplitude, frequency and phase change, but also nonlinear distortions occur [5][6][7][8]. Many studies have been devoted to modeling such processes [9][10][11][12][13].…”