Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate threats to surface waters at the national scale: A neglected traditional pollutant

Pull-down assay coupled to non-target mass spectrometry analysis as a tool to identify unknown endocrine disruptive transthyretin ligands in waste and surface water

“…Commercial LAS formulation consists of more than 20 components, where the ratio of various homologs and isomers (different alkyl chain lengths and aromatic ring positions along the linear alkyl chain) is relatively constant (OECD SIDS, 2005). The concentrations of individual LAS homologs (C10> C11>C12> C13) determined in our study ranged from 2-240 μg/POCIS (0.5 to 57 μg/L), which is slightly higher than concentrations reported for river water in Mungray and Kumar (2009) and similar to levels determined in Spanish WWTP effluents (Camacho-Muñoz et al, 2014) or in Chinese surface waters (Luo et al, 2023). Water concentrations decreasing with the hydrophobicity of the homologs may relate to their higher retention in the sewage sludge (Mungray and Kumar, 2009).…”

“…We identified LAS as TTR ligands with REPs in the TTR bioassay decreasing from C10 to C13 (0.011 to 4.32x10 -4 ). Earlier studies reported higher toxicity for aquatic organisms or binding potency of LAS to the fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) with the increasing length of alkyl chain (Gong et al, 2023b;Luo et al, 2023;OECD SIDS, 2005). Given their high abundance and moderate potency, LAS accounted for a significant part of the field samples effect in TTR bioassay, which we could explain with both known and newly identified ligands (5.5% in EF and 39% in DS).…”

“…Water concentrations decreasing with the hydrophobicity of the homologs may relate to their higher retention in the sewage sludge (Mungray and Kumar, 2009). LAS affect survival, growth, biochemical and molecular endpoints in aquatic organisms with the predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) of 15 μg/L and 27 μg/L according to Luo et al (2023) and the European Commission (2003), respectively. These PNEC values were exceeded at both studied sites implying that the biota is at risk due to LAS exposure.…”

Evaluation of Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate (LAS) and Physicochemical Properties of Water in Manzala Lake, Egypt

“…LAS has been considered the most harmful pollutant for aquatic life since its low concentrations cause the appearance of a foam-insulating layer that leads to a reduction of dissolved oxygen (Atici, 2021). This produces the hypoxia condition, which causes the death of many microorganisms, leading to the deterioration of water bodies (Chandanshive, 2014;Luo et al, 2023).…”