Linguatuliasis in Germany

Tappe, Dennis; Winzer, Ralf; Büttner, Dietrich W.; Ströbel, Philipp; Stich, August; Klinker, Hartwig; Frosch, Matthias

doi:10.3201/eid1206.051413

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The most common organ occupied was the liver (9/16; 56.3%), followed by the intestinal tract (7/16; 43.8%), mesentery or peritoneum (4/16; 25.0%), and lung or pleura (5/16; 31.3%). These sites are similar to reports from other areas of the world (Tappe et al, 2006). It is notable that case 7 involved the myocardium and pericardium, which caused heart failure and patient death.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Human Pentastomiasis in China: Case Report and Literature Review

Yao

Tang

2008

Journal of Parasitology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Human Pentastomiasis in China: Case Report and Literature Review

Yao

Tang

2008

Journal of Parasitology

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“…However, the prevalence of linguatulosis in human populations cannot be easily determined because infection can only be diagnosed in cases of retropharyngeal involvement or in the rare ocular cases (Hodjati and Naghili 1987;Jones and Riley 1991;Sadjjadi et al 1998). Human linguatulosis has also been reported from other parts of the world, particularly from countries in the Middle East, America, Europe, Africa, and Southeast Asia (Gardiner et al 1984;Baird et al 1988;El-Hassan et al 1991;Yagi et al 1996;Lazo et al 1999;Acha and Szyfres 2003;Tappe et al 2006;Yao et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Human nasopharyngeal infections may occur through consumption of raw or undercooked liver, lymph node, or other infected visceral organs, while the visceral form occurs through eating the eggs in contaminated water, vegetables, or fruits (El-Hassan et al 1991;Yagi et al 1996;Lazo et al 1999;Yao et al 2008;Tappe and Büttner 2009). Human linguatulosis is reported from various parts of the world such as Germany (Tappe et al 2006;Tappe and Buttner 2009), Italy (Pampiglione et al 2001), Michigan, USA (Gardiner et al 1984), North Carolina, USA (Baird et al 1988), Canada (Guardia et al 1991), Brazil (Machado et al 2006), Ecuador (Lazo et al 1999), China (Ma et al 2002;Yao et al 2008;Lai et al 2010), Turkey (Akyol et al 1995), Egypt (Morsy et al 1999), and Sudan (Yagi et al 1996). Yao et al (2008) showed that, compared to the nasopharyngeal form, the visceral form was more common and it accounted for 88.9% of the human pentastomiasis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, biology, pathology, and public health importance of linguatulosis of camel in Iran

Oryan

Khordadmehr

Ranjbar

2011

Trop Anim Health Prod

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Linguatula serrata is a cosmopolitan zoonotic parasite with its adult form occurring in the nasal and respiratory passages of canids as the definitive hosts, while its immature stages localize in the mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, spleen, lungs, and, rarely, in other organs, such as the ocular region of herbivorous intermediate hosts. Humans can behave as both intermediate and final host and are infected by visceral and nasopharyngeal linguatulosis. Consumption of infected, improperly cooked viscera of the intermediate hosts, including sheep, goats, cattle, camels, or other herbivores containing the larval stages of this parasite is a potential source of infection of human beings with the nasopharyngeal form of linguatulosis. However, nasopharyngeal secretions or feces of carnivores containing eggs of Linguatula are the main sources for infecting human beings with the visceral form of this infection. In the present study, the prevalence of infection by nymphs of L. serrata in 101 camels in Yazd Province, central Iran, was estimated based on histopathological studies of samples from two, apparently enlarged, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), together with one sample from a whitish pinpoint spot on the liver and spleen of each animal. Thirteen camels (12.9%) were infected with the nymphal stage of L. serrata. Age and sex did not play a significant role in the prevalence of this parasitic infection. The number of parasites in each MLN ranged from one to six larvae. In view of the consumption of raw or undercooked liver and visceral organs of camel by humans of this region, the importance of careful inspection at slaughter needs to be emphasized.

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“…(Oryan et al, 2011;Tappe and Buettner, 2009). Most of the literature is from Iran, also Turkey, India and Romania, although sporadic cases have also been reported in Germany (Tappe et al, 2006) and Austria (Koehsler et al, 2011). Owing to the low number of human cases reported in the literature, it is assumed that this parasite is not widely distributed at the moment in the small ruminant population in the EU.…”

Section: Linguatula Serratamentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the public health hazards to be covered by inspection of meat from sheep and goats

2013

EFSA Journal

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A risk ranking process identified Toxoplasma gondii and pathogenic verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) as the most relevant biological hazards for meat inspection of sheep and goats. As these are not detected by traditional meat inspection, a meat safety assurance system using risk-based interventions was proposed. Further studies are required on T. gondii and pathogenic VTEC. If new information confirms these hazards as a high risk to public health from meat from sheep or goats, setting targets at carcass level should be considered. Other elements of the system are risk-categorisation of flocks/herds based on improved Food Chain Information (FCI), classification of abattoirs according to their capability to reduce faecal contamination, and use of improved process hygiene criteria. It is proposed to omit palpation and incision from post-mortem inspection in animals subjected to routine slaughter. For chemical hazards, dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls were ranked as being of high potential concern. Monitoring programmes for chemical hazards should be more flexible and based on the risk of occurrence, taking into account FCI, which should be expanded to reflect the SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), the Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ) was asked to deliver a Scientific Opinion on the public health hazards to be covered by the inspection of meat from sheep and goats. The Panel was supported by the EFSA Panels on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) and Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW) in the preparation of this Opinion. Briefly, the main risks for public health that should be addressed by meat inspection were identified and ranked; the strengths and weaknesses of the current meat inspection system were evaluated; recommendations were made for inspection methods fit for the purpose of meeting the overall objectives of meat inspection for hazards currently not covered by the meat inspection system; and recommendations for adaptations of inspection methods and/or frequencies of inspections that provide an equivalent level of protection were made. In addition, the implications for animal health and animal welfare of any changes proposed to current inspection methods were assessed.Sheep and goats were considered together, unless otherwise stated. Decision trees were developed and used for priority ranking of biological and chemical hazards present in meat from sheep and goats. For biological hazards the ranking was based on the magnitude of the human health impact, the severity of the disease in humans and the evidence supporting the role of meat from sheep and goats as a risk factor for disease in humans. The assessment was focused on the public health risks that may occur through the handling, preparation for consumption and/or consumption of meat from these species. The term 'priority' was considered more appropriate than 'risk' for categorizing the biological hazards associated with meat from small rumina...

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Linguatuliasis in Germany

Cited by 20 publications

References 7 publications

Human Pentastomiasis in China: Case Report and Literature Review

Human Pentastomiasis in China: Case Report and Literature Review

Prevalence, biology, pathology, and public health importance of linguatulosis of camel in Iran

Scientific Opinion on the public health hazards to be covered by inspection of meat from sheep and goats

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