Linking Diagenesis to Sequence Stratigraphy: An Integrated Toolfor Understanding and Predicting Reservoir Quality Distribution

Morad, S.; Ketzer, João Marcelo Medina; Ros, Luiz Fernando De

doi:10.1002/9781118485347.ch1

Cited by 32 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 144 publications

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“…The main pore-filling and replacing cementing minerals that develop during eodiagenesis of sandstones and carbonates are calcite, dolomite, siderite, pyrite, gypsum, kaolinite, smectite, berthierine (Fe-rich 7 Å clay), glauconite and amorphous or cryptocrystalline silica (Figs 2 & 3; Morad et al 2012). These minerals can be found as eogenetic phases in both carbonates and sandstones.…”

Section: Eodiagenesis (Early/shallow Burial Diagenesis)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Petroleum reservoir quality prediction: overview and contrasting approaches from sandstone and carbonate communities

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The porosity and permeability of sandstone and carbonate reservoirs (known as reservoir quality) are essential inputs for successful oil and gas resource exploration and exploitation. This chapter introduces basic concepts, analytical and modelling techniques and some of the key controversies to be discussed in 20 research papers that were initially presented at a Geological Society conference in 2014 titled 'Reservoir Quality of Clastic and Carbonate Rocks: Analysis, Modelling and Prediction'. Reservoir quality in both sandstones and carbonates is studied using a wide range of techniques: log analysis and petrophysical core analysis, core description, routine petrographic tools and, ideally, less routine techniques such as stable isotope analysis, fluid inclusion analysis and other geochemical approaches. Sandstone and carbonate reservoirs both benefit from the study of modern analogues to constrain the primary character of sediment before they become a hydrocarbon reservoir. Prediction of sandstone and carbonate reservoir properties also benefits from running constrained experiments to simulate diagenetic processes during burial, compaction and heating. There are many common controls on sandstone and carbonate reservoir quality, including environment of deposition, rate of deposition and rate and magnitude of sea-level change, and many eogenetic processes. Compactional and mesogenetic processes tend to affect sandstone and carbonate somewhat differently but are both influenced by rate of burial, and the thermal and pressure history of a basin. Key differences in sandstone and carbonate reservoir quality include the specific influence of stratigraphic age on seawater composition (calcite v. aragonite oceans), the greater role of compaction in sandstones and the greater reactivity and geochemical openness of carbonate systems. Some of the key controversies in sandstone and carbonate reservoir quality focus on the role of petroleum emplacement on diagenesis and porosity loss, the role of effective stress in chemical compaction (pressure solution) and the degree of geochemical openness of reservoirs during diagenesis and cementation. This collection of papers contains case study-based examples of sandstone and carbonate reservoir quality prediction as well as modern analogue, outcrop analogue, modelling and advanced analytical approaches.Gold Open Access: This article is published under the terms of the CC-BY 3.0 license.Porosity and permeability (reservoir quality) exert fundamental controls on the economic viability of a petroleum accumulation (Blackbourn 2012).They need to be quantified from basin access and exploration, via appraisal and field development through secondary and tertiary recovery in order to

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Section: Eodiagenesis (Early/shallow Burial Diagenesis)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Petroleum reservoir quality prediction: overview and contrasting approaches from sandstone and carbonate communities

et al. 2018

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“…For example, widespread kaolinization has been reported to be typical in marginal marine settings due to meteoric water-flushing; especially in lowstand system tract sandstones (Ketzer et al, 2003). Consequently, clay mineral distribution patterns have been linked to sequence stratigraphy (Morad et al, 2013). Furthermore, the co-deposition or diagenetic formation of other minerals may also inhibit or promote the development of authigenic chlorite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estuarine clay mineral distribution: Modern analogue for ancient sandstone reservoir quality prediction

et al. 2019

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The spatial distribution of clay minerals in sandstones, which may both enhance or degrade reservoir quality, is poorly understood. To address this, clay mineral distribution patterns and host‐sediment properties (grain size, sorting, clay fraction abundance and bioturbation intensity) have, for the first time, been determined and mapped at an unprecedentedly high‐resolution in a modern estuarine setting (Ravenglass Estuary, UK). Results show that the estuary sediment is dominated by illite with subordinate chlorite and kaolinite, although the rivers supply sediment with less illite and significantly more chlorite than found in the estuary. Fluvial‐supplied sediment has been locally diluted by sediment derived from glaciogenic drift deposits on the margins of the estuary. Detailed clay mineral maps and statistical analyses reveal that the estuary has a heterogeneous distribution of illite, chlorite and kaolinite. Chlorite is relatively most abundant on the northern foreshore and backshore and is concentrated in coarse‐grained inner estuary dunes and tidal bars. Illite is relatively most abundant (as well as being most crystalline and most Fe–Mg‐rich) in fine‐grained inner estuary and central basin mud and mixed flats. Kaolinite has the highest abundance in fluvial sediment and is relatively homogenous in tidally‐influenced environments. Clay mineral distribution patterns in the Ravenglass Estuary have been strongly influenced by sediment supply (residence time) and subsequently modified by hydrodynamic processes. There is no relationship between macro‐faunal bioturbation intensity and the abundance of chlorite, illite or kaolinite. Based on this modern‐analogue study, outer estuarine sediments are likely to be heavily quartz cemented in deeply‐buried (burial temperatures exceeding 80 to 100°C) sandstone reservoirs due to a paucity of clay grade material (<0·5%) to form complete grain coats. In contrast, chlorite‐enriched tidal bars and dunes in the inner estuary, with their well‐developed detrital clay coats, are likely to have quartz cement inhibiting authigenic clay coats in deeply‐buried sandstones.

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“…For example, if meteoric water percolated the strata, we would expect pervasive alteration, as opposed to the preservation of well aligned calcite nodules surrounded by distinct quartz rim. Late diagenesis controlled by sediment porosity and permeability could indeed cause strong heterogeneity (e.g., Moore, 1989Moore, , 2004Ahr, 2011;Morad et al, 2013), but this scenario can be ruled out considering the pervasively fine grained dolomicrite host carbonates in the upper Doushantuo Formation. Moreover, both meteoric water alteration and deep burial diagenesis could not sufficiently explain the extremely negative δ 13 C carb and typical Ediacaran seawater 87 Sr/ 86 Sr signals exclusively preserved in the calcite nodules.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Was the Ediacaran Shuram Excursion a globally synchronized early diagenetic event? Insights from methane-derived authigenic carbonates in the uppermost Doushantuo Formation, South China

et al. 2017

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The Ediacaran Period is characterized by the most profound negative carbon isotope (δ 13 C) excursion in Earth history, the Shuram Excursion. Various hypotheses -including the massive oxidation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the oceans, the weathering of terrestrial organic carbon, or the release and oxidation of methane hydrates and/or expelled petroleum from the subsurface -have been proposed as sources of the 13 C-depleted carbon. More recently, it has been suggested that global-scale precipitation of early authigenic carbonates, driven by anaerobic microbial metabolism in unconsolidated sediments, may have caused the Shuram Excursion, but empirical evidence is lacking. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of a Shuram-associated interval from the uppermost Doushantuo Formation in South China. Our study reveals petrographic evidence of methane-derived authigenic calcite (formed as early diagenetic cements and nodules) that are remarkably depleted in 13 C -suggesting a buildup of alkalinity in pore fluids through the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) -and systematically depleted in 18 O relative to co-occurring dolomite. Early authigenesis of these minerals is likely to be driven by increased microbial sulfate reduction, triggered by enhanced continental weathering in the context of a marked rise in atmospheric oxygen levels. In light of the finding of methane-derived authigenic carbonates at Zhongling, and based on our basin-scale stratigraphic correlation, we hypothesize that the marked 13 C and 18 O depletion (including their co-variation noted worldwide) in the Shuram Excursion may reflect an episode of authigenesis occurring within a sulfate-methane transition zone (SMTZ). If true, the Shuram Excursion was then a global biogeochemical response to enhanced seawater sulfate concentration in the Ediacaran ocean driven by the Neoproterozoic oxidation of surface environments. This paleo-oceanographic transition may have therefore paved the way for subsequent evolution and diversification of animals. Our study highlights the significance of an integrated approach that combines petrography, mineralogy, and texture-specific micro-drilling geochemistry in chemostratigraphic studies.

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Linking Diagenesis to Sequence Stratigraphy: An Integrated Toolfor Understanding and Predicting Reservoir Quality Distribution

Cited by 32 publications

References 144 publications

Petroleum reservoir quality prediction: overview and contrasting approaches from sandstone and carbonate communities

Petroleum reservoir quality prediction: overview and contrasting approaches from sandstone and carbonate communities

Estuarine clay mineral distribution: Modern analogue for ancient sandstone reservoir quality prediction

Was the Ediacaran Shuram Excursion a globally synchronized early diagenetic event? Insights from methane-derived authigenic carbonates in the uppermost Doushantuo Formation, South China

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