Linking the transpirable soil water content of a vineyard to predawn leaf water potential measurements

Gaudin, Rémi; Roux, Sébastiên; Tisseyre, Bruno

doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2016.12.006

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…However, significant differences between irrigation treatments appeared later in the afternoon (Figures 2 and 4). Predawn water potential has been reported as a reliable tree water status indicator for vines [23,35], while midday stem water potential is the reference tree water status indicator for stone fruit trees [8,36,37] and pome trees [38][39][40]. In our experiment with pear trees, recovery of Ψ stem was observed during the early afternoon in fully irrigated trees, but trees with DI applied continued to decrease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Microtensiometers Accurately Measure Stem Water Potential in Woody Perennials

Blanco

Kalcsits

2021

Plants

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Stem water potential (Ψstem) is considered to be the standard measure of plant water status. However, it is measured with the pressure chamber (PC), an equipment that can neither provide continuous information nor be automated, limiting its use. Recent developments of microtensiometers (MT; FloraPulse sensors), which can continuously measure water tension in woody tissue of the trunk of the tree, can potentially highlight the dynamic nature of plant water relations. Thus, this study aimed to validate and assess the usefulness of the MT by comparing the Ψstem provided by MT with those same measurements from the PC. Here, two irrigation treatments (a control and a deficit treatment) were applied in a pear (Pyrus communis L.) orchard in Washington State (USA) to capture the full range of water potentials in this environment. Discrete measurements of leaf gas exchange, canopy temperature and Ψstem measured with PC and MT were made every two hours for four days from dawn to sunset. There were strong linear relationships between the Ψstem-MT and Ψstem-PC (R2 > 0.8) and with vapor pressure deficit (R2 > 0.7). However, Ψstem-MT was more variable and lower than Ψstem-PC when Ψstem-MT was below −1.5 MPa, especially during the evening. Minimum Ψstem-MT occurred later in the afternoon compared to Ψstem-PC. Ψstem showed similar sensitivity and coefficients of variation for both PC and MT acquired data. Overall, the promising results achieved indicated the potential for MT to be used to continuously assess tree water status.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Microtensiometers Accurately Measure Stem Water Potential in Woody Perennials

Blanco

Kalcsits

2021

Plants

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“…was reported by several authors. 12,45,46 The presence of a spatial structure at the vineyard scale allows researchers not only to interpolate, but also to extrapolate water status across the field by a single point measurement. 45,47 Our results corroborated this displaying a good stability in water status pattern across the measurement dates.…”

Section: ■ Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Spatial Variability of Grape Skin Flavonoids at the Vineyard Scale Based on Plant Water Status Mapping

Brillante

Martínez‐Lüscher

et al. 2017

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Plant water stress affects grape (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon) berry composition and is variable in space due to variations in the physical environment at the growing site. We monitored the natural variability of grapevine water stress by stem water potential (Ψ) and leaf gas exchange in an equi-distant grid in a commercial vineyard. Spatial differences were measured and related to topographical variation by modeling. Geospatial analysis and clustering allowed researchers to differentiate the vineyard block into two distinct zones having severe and moderate water stress where it varied by 0.2 MPa. Differences in stem water potential affected stomatal conductance, net carbon assimilation, and intrinsic water use efficiency that were different in all measurement dates. The two zones were selectively sampled at harvest for measurements of berry chemistry. The water status zones did not affect berry mass or yield per vine. Significant difference in total soluble solids was observed (3.56 Brix), and in titratable acidity, thus indicating a direct effect of water stress on ripening acceleration. Berry skin flavonol and anthocyanin composition and concentration were measured by C18 reversed-phased high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The anthocyanins were most affected by the two water stress zones. The dihydroxylated anthocyanins were more affected than trihydroxylated; therefore, the ratio of the two forms increased. Flavonols were different in total amounts, but hydroxylation patterns were not affected. Proanthocyanidin isolates were characterized by acid catalysis in the presence of excess phloroglucinol followed by reversed-phase HPLC. Proanthocyanidins showed the least significant difference, although (+)-catechin terminal subunits were important predictors in a partial least square model used to summarize the multivariate relationships, predicting Ψ or the management zone. The results provide fundamental information on vineyard water status to discriminate harvest or direction to vineyard operators to modify irrigation management to equilibrate berry composition at harvest.

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“…The use of δ 13 C to map an overall estimation of plant water status was already proposed (Herrero-Langreo et al, 2013). However, the efficiency of zoning fruit composition, compared to maps obtained through water potential measurements (Brillante et al, 2017;Gaudin et al, 2017) was never evaluated. We provide evidence that the two strategies are equivalent in their performances of delineating vineyard management zones having different anthocyanin composition (Figure 9), useful for implementing a selective harvest approach (Bramley et al, 2011).…”

Section: The Use Of δ 13 C For Zoning Vineyard Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Isotope Discrimination (δ13 C) of Grape Musts Is a Reliable Tool for Zoning and the Physiological Ground-Truthing of Sensor Maps in Precision Viticulture

Brillante

Martínez‐Lüscher

et al. 2020

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Carbon stable isotope composition of berry must at harvest (δ 13 C) is an integrated assessment of plant water status during grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berry ripening. Measurement of δ 13 C of grape juice is proposed as an alternative to traditional measurements of water status to capture the spatial variability of physiological response at the vineyard scale, i.e., zoning. We performed samplings at four different locations in California, United States, with three different cultivars of table and wine grapes (Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Crimson-Seedless). Leaf physiology (photosynthesis, A N , stomatal conductance, g s) and stem water potentials (stem) were routinely measured. The δ 13 C was measured at harvest and strong relationships were found between stem (R 2 = 0.71), stomatal conductance (R 2 = 0.71), net carbon assimilation (R 2 = 0.59) and WUEi (R 2 = 0.53). The role of leaf nitrogen on the signal was assessed by evaluating relationships between leaf nitrogen and WUE i (R 2 = 0.54), Ci/Ca (R 2 = 0.51), δ 13 C (R 2 = 0.44), and stem (R 2 = 0.37). Although nitrogen can be among the environmental factors able to affect the δ 13 C signal, this difference is only observable when variability in N is very large, by pooling different vineyards/varieties, but not at the within-vineyard scale. The utility of δ 13 C was further tested and measured on grape berries sampled on an equidistant grid in a 3.5 ha vineyard where stem was also measured throughout the field season and used to delineate management zones. Physiological measurements and grape composition were correlated to soil electrical resistivity and satellite-derived vegetation index. The two management zones obtained by δ 13 C or stem were spatially similar at 67% and allowed to separate the harvest in two pools having statistically different grape composition (soluble solids, organic acids, and anthocyanin profiles). Zoning by δ 13 C performed as well as zoning by stem to separate grape phenolic composition, e.g., for selective harvest. Our results provided evidence that δ 13 C of grape must is a reliable and repeatable assessor of plant water status and gas exchange in vineyard systems that are crucial for zoning vineyards, even when irrigated, and for ground-truthing sensor maps in precision viticulture.

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Linking the transpirable soil water content of a vineyard to predawn leaf water potential measurements

Cited by 14 publications

References 31 publications

Microtensiometers Accurately Measure Stem Water Potential in Woody Perennials

Microtensiometers Accurately Measure Stem Water Potential in Woody Perennials

Assessing Spatial Variability of Grape Skin Flavonoids at the Vineyard Scale Based on Plant Water Status Mapping

Carbon Isotope Discrimination (δ13 C) of Grape Musts Is a Reliable Tool for Zoning and the Physiological Ground-Truthing of Sensor Maps in Precision Viticulture

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