Linoleic acid increases monocyte deformation and adhesion to endothelium

Rinker, Kristina D.; Kirkpatrick, Allison P.; Ting‐Beall, H. Ping; Shepherd, Robert D.; Levin, Jeff; Irick, Joel; Thomas, Joanna; Truskey, George A.

doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.07.017

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Since most of the studies on leukocytes focus on neutrophils or granulocytes, there is little knowledge on the relation between the activation and the mechanical properties of monocytes [5], [12], [13]. Doherty et al measured the stiffness of monocytes upon activation using a cell poker.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monocytic Cells Become Less Compressible but More Deformable upon Activation

et al. 2014

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AimsMonocytes play a significant role in the development of atherosclerosis. During the process of inflammation, circulating monocytes become activated in the blood stream. The consequent interactions of the activated monocytes with the blood flow and endothelial cells result in reorganization of cytoskeletal proteins, in particular of the microfilament structure, and concomitant changes in cell shape and mechanical behavior. Here we investigate the full elastic behavior of activated monocytes in relation to their cytoskeletal structure to obtain a better understanding of cell behavior during the progression of inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis.Methods and ResultsThe recently developed Capillary Micromechanics technique, based on exposing a cell to a pressure difference in a tapered glass microcapillary, was used to measure the deformation of activated and non-activated monocytic cells. Monitoring the elastic response of individual cells up to large deformations allowed us to obtain both the compressive and the shear modulus of a cell from a single experiment. Activation by inflammatory chemokines affected the cytoskeletal organization and increased the elastic compressive modulus of monocytes with 73–340%, while their resistance to shape deformation decreased, as indicated by a 25–88% drop in the cell’s shear modulus. This decrease in deformability is particularly pronounced at high strains, such as those that occur during diapedesis through the vascular wall.ConclusionOverall, monocytic cells become less compressible but more deformable upon activation. This change in mechanical response under different modes of deformation could be important in understanding the interplay between the mechanics and function of these cells. In addition, our data are of direct relevance for computational modeling and analysis of the distinct monocytic behavior in the circulation and the extravascular space. Lastly, an understanding of the changes of monocyte mechanical properties will be important in the development of diagnostic tools and therapies concentrating on circulating cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monocytic Cells Become Less Compressible but More Deformable upon Activation

et al. 2014

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“…While it would seem from intuition and theory that receptor-ligand bonds should form less frequently and break more quickly under flow, experimental evidence has shown that in some cases the opposite occurs. We previously showed monocyte adhesion to HUVEC to be shear stress dependent, with stronger adhesion occurring with increased shear stress [15], possibly due to increased cell or microvilli deformation [16]. However, the bonds themselves may respond differently depending on the level of force (from shear stress, atomic force microscopy, or other methods).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In vitro systems have been developed that allow cultured endothelial cells to be exposed to well-defined flow conditions, and include orbital shakers [24], cone and plate viscometers [25,26], and parallel-plate flow chambers (PPFC) [15,16,27-31]. PPFC enable establishment of fully developed laminar flow within the channel of the chamber and theoretically should allow exposure of cells to uniform flow fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells demonstrates wall shear stress dependent behaviour

et al. 2011

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BackgroundMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an increasingly prevalent pathogen capable of causing severe vascular infections. The goal of this work was to investigate the role of shear stress in early adhesion events.MethodsHuman umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were exposed to MRSA for 15-60 minutes and shear stresses of 0-1.2 Pa in a parallel plate flow chamber system. Confocal microscopy stacks were captured and analyzed to assess the number of MRSA. Flow chamber parameters were validated using micro-particle image velocimetry (PIV) and computational fluid dynamics modelling (CFD).ResultsUnder static conditions, MRSA adhered to, and were internalized by, more than 80% of HUVEC at 15 minutes, and almost 100% of the cells at 1 hour. At 30 minutes, there was no change in the percent HUVEC infected between static and low flow (0.24 Pa), but a 15% decrease was seen at 1.2 Pa. The average number of MRSA per HUVEC decreased 22% between static and 0.24 Pa, and 37% between 0.24 Pa and 1.2 Pa. However, when corrected for changes in bacterial concentration near the surface due to flow, bacteria per area was shown to increase at 0.24 Pa compared to static, with a subsequent decline at 1.2 Pa.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that MRSA adhesion to endothelial cells is strongly influenced by flow conditions and time, and that MSRA adhere in greater numbers to regions of low shear stress. These areas are common in arterial bifurcations, locations also susceptible to generation of atherosclerosis.

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“…Through this technique, the viscosities of both dIH 2 O and of DMEM containing 10% BCS but no dextran were determined to be~0.65 cP at 37°C, in good agreement with previous literature. 22 In contrast, the viscosity of media containing 1.75% dextran 70 was measured at 1.18 ± 0.17 cP.…”

Section: Shear Stress Estimates and Viscosity Measuresmentioning

confidence: 94%

Approach for Fabricating Tissue Engineered Vascular Grafts with Stable Endothelialization

et al. 2010

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A major roadblock in the development of tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) is achieving construct endothelialization that is stable under physiological stresses. The aim of the current study was to validate an approach for generating a mechanically stable layer of endothelial cells (ECs) in the lumen of TEVGs. To accomplish this goal, a unique method was developed to fabricate a thin EC layer using poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) as an intercellular "cementing" agent. This EC layer was subsequently bonded to the lumen of a tubular scaffold to generate a bi-layered construct. The viability of bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) through the "cementing" process was assessed. "Cemented" EC layer expression of desired phenotypic markers (AcLDL uptake, VE-cadherin, eNOS, PECAM-1) as well as of injury-associated markers (E-selectin, SM22alpha) was also examined. These studies indicated that the "cementing" process allowed ECs to maintain high viability and expression of mature EC markers while not significantly stimulating primary injury pathways. Finally, the stability of the "cemented" EC layers under abrupt application of high shear pulsatile flow (approximately 11 dyn/cm(2), P (avg) approximately 95 mmHg, DeltaP approximately 20 mmHg) was evaluated and compared to that of conventionally "seeded" EC layers. Whereas the "cemented" ECs remained fully intact following 48 h of pulsatile flow, the "seeded" EC layers delaminated after less than 1 h of flow. Furthermore, the ability to extend this approach to degradable PEGDA "cements" permissive of cell elongation was demonstrated. Combined, these results validate an approach for fabricating bi-layered TEVGs with stable endothelialization.

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Linoleic acid increases monocyte deformation and adhesion to endothelium

Cited by 14 publications

References 28 publications

Monocytic Cells Become Less Compressible but More Deformable upon Activation

Monocytic Cells Become Less Compressible but More Deformable upon Activation

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells demonstrates wall shear stress dependent behaviour

Approach for Fabricating Tissue Engineered Vascular Grafts with Stable Endothelialization

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