Lipid Absorption and Deposition in Rainbow Trout (<i>Salmo gairdnerii</i>)

Js, Robinson; Jf, Mead

doi:10.1139/o73-137

Cited by 94 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…particles into the blood (Robinson and Mead, 1973;Sheridan, 1988). Our medaka NASH model was created by feeding a HFD based on LCFAs, and we believe that many of the consumed LCFAs arrive in the liver as FFA-albumin complexes.…”

Section: Disease Models and Mechanisms 435mentioning

confidence: 99%

Medaka as a model for human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Matsumoto

Terai

Oishi

et al. 2010

Disease Models &Amp; Mechanisms

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SUMMARY The global incidence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is increasing and current mammalian models of NASH are imperfect. We have developed a NASH model in the ricefish medaka (Oryzias latipes), which is based on feeding the fish a high-fat diet (HFD). Medaka that are fed a HFD (HFD-medaka) exhibited hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia, and histological examination of the liver revealed ballooning degeneration. The expression of lipogenic genes (SREBP-1c, FAS and ACC1) was increased, whereas the expression of lipolytic genes (PPARA and CPT1) was decreased. With respect to liver fatty acid composition, the concentrations of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and n-6 PUFAs had declined and the n-3:n-6 ratio was reduced. Treatment of HFD-medaka with the n-3 PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) mitigated disease, as judged by the restoration of normal liver fatty acid composition and normal expression levels of lipogenic and lipolytic genes. Moreover, medaka that were fed a diet deficient in n-3 PUFAs developed NASH features. Thus, NASH can be induced in medaka by a HFD, and the proportion of n-3 PUFAs in the liver influences the progress of NASH pathology in these fish. Our model should prove helpful for the dissection of the causes of human NASH and for the design of new and effective therapies.

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Section: Disease Models and Mechanisms 435mentioning

confidence: 99%

Medaka as a model for human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Matsumoto

Terai

Oishi

et al. 2010

Disease Models &Amp; Mechanisms

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“…The SVS is not associated with the celiac, mesenteric or renal arteries, and no association has been made between increased SVS flow and food intake (P. V. Skov and J.F.S., unpublished observations) (Skov and Bennett, 2004). The SVS, unlike the lymphatic system of mammals (Robinson and Mead, 1973;Kayama and Iijima, 1976), is not involved in uptake from the gut. Therefore, it is clear that the SVS is not functioning in the same way as the mammalian lymphatic system.…”

Section: The Journal Of Experimental Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Function and control of the fish secondary vascular system, a contrast to mammalian lymphatic systems

Rummer

Wang

Steffensen

et al. 2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Teleost fishes and mammalian lineages diverged 400 million years ago, and environmental requirements (water versus air) have resulted in marked differences in cardiovascular function between fish and mammals. Suggestions that the fish secondary vascular system (SVS) could be used as a model for the mammalian lymphatic system should be taken with caution. Despite molecular markers indicating similar genetic origin, functions of the SVS in teleost fish are probably different from those of the mammalian lymphatic system. We determined that, in resting glass catfish (Kryptopterus bicirrhis), plasma moves from the primary vascular system (PVS) to the SVS through small connecting vessels less than 10 μm in diameter, smaller than the red blood cells (RBCs). During and following hypoxia or exercise, flow increases and RBCs enter the SVS, possibly via β-adrenoreceptor-mediated dilation of the connecting vessels. The volume of the SVS can be large and, as RBCs flow into the SVS, the haematocrit of the PVS falls by as much as 50% of the resting value. Possible functions of the SVS, including skin respiration, ionic and osmotic buffering, and reductions in heart work and RBC turnover, are discussed. KEY WORDS: Lymphatic, Secondary vascular system, Stress INTRODUCTIONThe mammalian lymphatic system consists of blind-ending lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes and other tissues, including the spleen, that collect, filter and return fluid that drains from the tissues to the venous system and transport fats and proteins from the gut into the blood system (Alitalo et al., 2005;Wang and Oliver, 2010). In teleost fishes, some circulatory vessels contain clear fluid and have been described as lymphatic vessels (Kampmeier, 1969). Yaniv et al. (Yaniv et al., 2006) and Isogai et al. (Isogai et al., 2009) have also demonstrated that these vessels share some morphological and molecular characteristics with the lymphatic vessels found in other vertebrates, and suggested that these clear vessels in zebrafish could be used as a model for the mammalian lymphatic system. However, several decades ago these same vessels were hypothesized as part of a secondary vascular system (SVS), receiving inflow from the arterial system via arterio-arterial anastomoses and emptying into the venous circulation (Vogel, 1981;Vogel and Claviez, 1981;Vogel, 1985;Steffensen et al., 1986;Steffensen and Lomholt, 1992; RESEARCH ARTICLE Jensen et al., 2009). These vessels are not blind-ending and sometimes include red blood cells (RBCs) (Ishimatsu et al., 1992). Furthermore, there is no evidence that the SVS vessels are draining edematous tissues or are playing a role in lipid transport. If not lymphatic, what then is the role of this secondary vascular system?The volume of the SVS can range from 10-50% to nearly twice the volume of the primary circulation (Bushnell et al., 1998;Gallaugher and Farrell, 1998;Skov and Steffensen, 2003;Steffensen and Lomholt, 1992) and therefore may serve to buffer osmotic and ionic changes in the primary circulation. Under restin...

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“…Robinson & Mead (1973) showed that in contrast to the mammals primarily used by DeNiro & Epstein (1977, 1978, fish use the liver and skeletal muscle as the main sites of lipid storage. In general, the liver serves as the storage depot for lipid in bottomdwelling fish (Robinson & Mead 1973), whereas skeletal muscle serves this function in more active species. Furthermore the red lateral-line muscles are known to store more lipid than does dorsal muscle (Robinson & Mead 1973) although the concentration per unit mass/volume is higher in the liver (Table 1).…”

Section: Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential fractionation of δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N among fish tissues: implications for the study of trophic interactions

1999

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1. Stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon are widely used in the evaluation and understanding of trophic interactions, and especially so in aquatic food‐webs. However, differences among tissues which occur in consumers such as fish may confound resolution of these ecological relationships, and greatly affect dietary compositions calculated through mass‐balance equations. 2.δ13C and δ15N were determined for homogenized whole fry (≈ 2·7 g) and particular tissues (white muscle, red muscle, liver and heart) of juveniles (≈ 20·6 g) of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. 3. Differences in δ13C and δ15N were observed among tissues; removal of lipid resulted in these tissues becoming statistically indistinguishable but more variable in δ13C, particularly in tissues with higher lipid content. Differences in δ15N among tissues may be related to the relative composition of ‘essential’ and ‘non‐essential’ amino acids. 5. Acidification, which is used to reduce variability caused by the presence of inorganic carbonate, had a significant effect on δ15N, while having a non‐significant effect on the δ13C. This was the case for whole ground fish‐fry, which contained 22·6% inorganic carbonates in the form of bones and scales, and for individual fish tissues which contained only very small amounts of inorganic carbonate. 6. White muscle was found to be less variable in δ13C and δ15N than all other tissues, and is probably the best tissue for use in ecological work. Red muscle, which is often closely associated with white muscle, is more variable in δ13C and may constitute a source of significant error in source material identification and dietary overlap.

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Lipid Absorption and Deposition in Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdnerii)

Cited by 94 publications

References 6 publications

Medaka as a model for human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Medaka as a model for human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Function and control of the fish secondary vascular system, a contrast to mammalian lymphatic systems

Differential fractionation of δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N among fish tissues: implications for the study of trophic interactions

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Lipid Absorption and Deposition in Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdnerii)

Cited by 94 publications

References 6 publications

Medaka as a model for human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Medaka as a model for human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Function and control of the fish secondary vascular system, a contrast to mammalian lymphatic systems

Differential fractionation of δ13C and δ15N among fish tissues: implications for the study of trophic interactions

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Product

Resources

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Differential fractionation of δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N among fish tissues: implications for the study of trophic interactions