Lipid Accumulation Product Better Predicts Metabolic Status in Lean Polycystic Ovary Syndrome than that by Visceral Adiposity Index

Abstract

Background: Both visceral adiposity index (VAI) and lipid accumulation product (LAP) can be used to assess insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) which are required for management of even lean polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (body mass index [BMI] <23 kg/m2). Aim: This study was aimed to see the magnitude of associations of VAI and LAP with cardiometabolic risk factors including IR and MetS in lean PCOS. Study Setting and Design: This cross-sectional study was done amongst 62 newly detected lean PCOS patients and 58 age- and BMI-matched healthy controls. Materials and Methods: PCOS was diagnosed according to the Revised 2003 Rotterdam Consensus criteria. Along with relevant clinical data, fasting blood was taken to measure glucose, insulin and lipid profile by glucose oxidase, chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay and by glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase-peroxidase method, respectively. IR was calculated by homeostasis model of IR (HOMA-IR). VAI and LAP were calculated from BMI, waist circumference, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol by using sex-specific formulae. Statistical Analysis Used: Linear and binary regression analyses and receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC) analyses were done as appropriate. Results: Only LAP had predictive associations with age, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Both VAI and LAP had predictive associations with history of subfertility and MetS. LAP had moderate discriminating index for IR with cut-off of HOMA-IR of 2.3. Both VAI and LAP had excellent discriminating index for MetS in lean PCOS patients. Conclusions: LAP had more associations with cardiometabolic risks than VAI and was a moderate discriminator of IR in lean PCOS.

The Role of Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP) as a Metabolic Indicator in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

“…LAP had an excellent discriminating index for MetS in lean PCOS patients. 19 Additionally, LAP has been recognized as a promising method for evaluating the impact of lifestyle and medication interventions on women with PCOS, aiming to monitor their effectiveness. Lifestyle interventions encompass dietary adjustments and physical activity, which have demonstrated substantial enhancements in LAP and cardiometabolic risk factors prokopakis et al volume 22, issue 3, July -september 2023 among individuals with PCOS.…”

“…17,18 Furthermore, recent scientific inquiry has focused on comparing the significance of lipid accumulation product (LAP) to other lipid-related indices, such as the visceral adiposity index (VAI), when assessing metabolic or hormonal imbalances amongst women with PCOS. [19][20][21][22] The visceral adiposity index (VAI) is a mathematical formula that accounts for waist circumference, body mass index, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol levels -all factors used for the evaluation of visceral fat distribution and possible metabolic hazards. 21,22 In lean PCOS patients, LAP was reported to be a better predictor of metabolic status than VAI, 19 although both indices were correlated with IR and hyperandrogenemia in obese/ overweight women with PCOS.…”

“…[19][20][21][22] The visceral adiposity index (VAI) is a mathematical formula that accounts for waist circumference, body mass index, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol levels -all factors used for the evaluation of visceral fat distribution and possible metabolic hazards. 21,22 In lean PCOS patients, LAP was reported to be a better predictor of metabolic status than VAI, 19 although both indices were correlated with IR and hyperandrogenemia in obese/ overweight women with PCOS. 20 Furthermore, a substantial association was discovered between inflammatory markers and hormonal, metabolic, IR, and obesity indices in first-degree relatives of PCOS patients.…”

Comparison between traditional and new obesity measurement index for screening metabolic associated fatty liver disease

“…Human morphologic or obesity measurement indexes can reflect the degree of obesity and have certain screening value for metabolic diseases (6)(7)(8)(9). In addition to body mass index (BMI), there are many other obesity measurement indexes, including traditional indexes such as waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), as well as new indexes that have emerged in recent years, such as a body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI), visceral fat index (VAI) and lipid accumulation product (LAP) (10)(11)(12)(13). In recent years, a small number of studies have explored the correlation between obesity measurement indexes and NAFLD, demonstrating the screening value of the new obesity measurement indexes for NAFLD (14,15).…”

Lipid accumulation product and visceral adiposity index for incidence of cardiovascular diseases and mortality; results from 13 years follow‐up in Isfahan cohort study

“…Accordingly, VAI has indicated a great predictive performance for the incidence of CVDs 11 . Although numerous studies have evaluated VAI and LAP's ability to predict MetS, DM, and CVDs, few studies have compared these two indexes in predicting the incidence of CVDs and CVD‐related mortality 13–16 . In this study, we compared the predictive performance of VAI and LAP for the incidence of CVDs, all‐cause, and CVD‐related mortality in a population‐based cohort study in central Iran.…”