Lipid Adjustment in the Analysis of Environmental Contaminants and Human Health Risks

Schisterman, Enrique F.; Whitcomb, Brian W.; Louis, Germaine M. Buck; Louis, Thomas A.

doi:10.1289/ehp.7640

Cited by 346 publications

(257 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Lipid adjustment of POP concentrations to some extent compensates for this, although lipid standardisation has also been reported to be prone to bias [20]. Inclusion of POPs unadjusted for lipids in the analyses did not, however, change our findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

A cross-sectional study of the association between persistent organic pollutants and glucose intolerance among Greenland Inuit

Jørgensen

Borch‐Johnsen

Bjerregaard³

2008

Diabetologia

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Aims/hypothesis Some evidence supports the hypothesis that persistent organic pollutants (POPs) may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. The Inuit population in Greenland, which is highly exposed to POPs due to a high intake of marine mammals, has experienced a rapid increase in diabetes prevalence over the last 30 years. Thus the aim was to study the association between POPs and glucose intolerance and markers of insulin resistance and insulin secretion using a population-based design. Methods From 1999 to 2002 the Greenland population study was carried out among adult Inuit living in Greenland. The examination included a 75 g OGTT, anthropometric measurements, a structured interview, and blood tests. Plasma glucose and serum insulin were analysed, and three defined subclasses of POPs were analysed in a subgroup. Associations were adjusted for age, sex, waist circumference, Inuit heritage, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and educational level. Results Data on POPs were available on 692 individuals, 305 men (mean age 50 years) and 387 women (mean age 49 years). The prevalence of diabetes was 10.3%, and 10.5% had impaired glucose tolerance. The concentrations of several POPs were exceptionally high. While no associations were found between POPs and stages of glucose intolerance or markers of insulin resistance, POPs were significantly inversely associated with stimulated insulin concentrations and homeostasis model assessment of beta cell function. Conclusions/interpretation The study indicates that POPs may affect insulin secretion rather than being involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. No association was seen between POPs and glucose intolerance or markers of insulin resistance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

A cross-sectional study of the association between persistent organic pollutants and glucose intolerance among Greenland Inuit

Jørgensen

Borch‐Johnsen

Bjerregaard³

2008

Diabetologia

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“…At the time of delivery, mothers were mostly about 6-8 h without consumption of food. After fasting (meaning that there are no triglycerides of recent food consumption in the serum/ plasma), the concentration of OCs in serum/plasma lipids give a good reflection of the concentration in the fat tissue of the body (Schisterman et al, 2005). Indeed, we observed that the OC -present in plasma lipidsif expressed per wet weight (ng/mL), were positively associated with the plasma lipid concentration.…”

Section: Determinants Of Pollutant Levels In Cord Bloodmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…In the regression models, levels of OCs were expressed per mL serum, with plasma lipids included as a predictor (Schisterman et al, 2005). The partial R 2 indicates the % of variability explained by the covariate in the model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organochlorine and heavy metals in newborns: Results from the Flemish Environment and Health Survey (FLEHS 2002–2006)

Koppen

Hond

Nelen

et al. 2009

Environment International

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a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f oTo collect regional information on internal levels of pollutants in humans in Flanders, 1196 mother-child pairs were systematically recruited in 2002-2003 via 25 maternities across Flanders. Cd, Pb, PCB congeners 118, 170, 138, 153 and 180, p,p′-DDE -a key metabolite of DDT-and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were measured in cord blood or plasma. Cd was detected in 64% of the samples (geometric mean 0.21 µg/L cord blood). p,p′-DDE (110 ng/g plasma lipids) and Pb (14.7 µg/L blood), were measurable in nearly all samples. The individual PCB congeners could be detected in 40 to 81% of the newborns (138 + 153 + 180 = 64.4 ng/g plasma lipids). HCB (18.9 ng/g plasma lipids) and dioxin-like compounds measured by DR-CALUX® (23 pg CALUX-TEQ/g lipids) were above detection limit in more than 75% of the samples. Age and smoking habits of the mothers, did not influence the cord blood Pb and Cd levels. The organochlorines increased 4 to 9% per year of the mother's age (partial R 2 = 0.05 to 0.22). Mothers had 2.6% less PCBs in cord blood (partial R 2 = 0.02) for each unit increase in pre-pregnancy BMI. Season of delivery, breastfeeding previous children or consumption of local dairy products, were minor determinants. Up to 20% of the variability in organochlorine concentrations was explained by residence area. It was concluded that the place of birth in Flanders is an important determinant of the load of pollutants measured at the start of life. This underlines the validity of human biomonitoring on (relatively) small geographical scale.

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“…The use of serum levels of lipophilic compounds standardized by serum lipids (by dividing serum concentration of the compound of interest by serum lipids) as an independent variable in epidemiologic models was recently shown to be highly prone to bias (Schisterman et al 2005). Thus, we regressed thyroid hormone concentrations on wet weight serum levels of PCBs, p,p′-DDE and HCB and adjusted for serum lipids as a covariate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum PCBs, p,p′-DDE and HCB predict thyroid hormone levels in men

Meeker

Altshul²,

Hauser

2007

Environmental Research

124

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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and some organochlorine pesticides, which continue to be measurable in a high proportion of samples from the general population, have been found to alter thyroid hormone levels in animals and humans. However, studies of these relationships in adult men are limited and results across studies have been inconsistent. In the present study, we measured serum levels of 57 PCB congeners, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p′-DDE, a stable metabolite of DDT), and hexachlorobenzene (HCB), as well as free T 4 , total T 3 , and TSH, in 341 adult men recruited from an infertility clinic from 2000-2003. In multivariate linear regression, there were positive associations between p,p′-DDE and both free T 4 and total T 3 , and an inverse association between p,p′-DDE and TSH. Conversely, for PCBs there was only a suggestive inverse association between PCB 153 and total T 3 when potential confounding variables were considered. However, when results were additionally adjusted for p,p′-DDE, inverse associations with T 3 were significant for PCB 138, PCB 153, sum of PCBs and three different PCB groupings, and HCB, while the positive associations between p,p′-DDE and T 3 also remained. In conclusion, serum concentrations of PCBs, p,p′-DDE and HCB were associated with circulating thyroid hormone levels in adult men.

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Lipid Adjustment in the Analysis of Environmental Contaminants and Human Health Risks

Cited by 346 publications

References 31 publications

A cross-sectional study of the association between persistent organic pollutants and glucose intolerance among Greenland Inuit

A cross-sectional study of the association between persistent organic pollutants and glucose intolerance among Greenland Inuit

Organochlorine and heavy metals in newborns: Results from the Flemish Environment and Health Survey (FLEHS 2002–2006)

Serum PCBs, p,p′-DDE and HCB predict thyroid hormone levels in men

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