Lipid-Based Delivery Systems for Flavonoids and Flavonolignans: Liposomes, Nanoemulsions, and Solid Lipid Nanoparticles

Abstract

Herbal chemicals with a long history in medicine have attracted a lot of attention. Flavonolignans and flavonoids are considered as two classes of the above-mentioned compounds with different functional groups which exhibit several therapeutic capabilities such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticancer activities. Based on the studies, high hydrophobic properties of the aforementioned compounds limit their bioavailability inside the human body and restrict their wide application. Nanoscale formulations such as solid lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, and other types of lipid-based delivery systems have been introduced to overcome the above-mentioned challenges. This approach allows the aforementioned hydrophobic therapeutic compounds to be encapsulated between hydrophobic structures, resulting in improving their bioavailability. The above-mentioned enhanced delivery system improves delivery to the targeted sites and reduces the daily required dosage. Lowering the required daily dose improves the performance of the drug by diminishing its side effects on non-targeted tissues. The present study aims to highlight the recent improvements in implementing lipid-based nanocarriers to deliver flavonolignans and flavonoids.

Puerarin—A Promising Flavonoid: Biosynthesis, Extraction Methods, Analytical Techniques, and Biological Effects

“…As the field of enzymatic synthesis progresses, there are several emerging trends that could revolutionize the production and use of nanoparticles. Metal nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanomicelles, cyclodextrins, dendrimers, and nano-vesicle systems are among the most common nanoparticles that have been studied for their biocompatibility and biodegradability [144][145][146]. The encapsulation of various nanoparticles with puerarin has been carried out by researchers for many years to improve its bioavailability and therapeutic effects, and the results have been promising [147][148][149][150].…”

Flavonoids: Overview of Biosynthesis, Biological Activity, and Current Extraction Techniques

“…Nano-vesicle systems (e.g., liposome and ethosome), micro- and nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, nanomicelles, and cyclodextrins, and dendrimers are some of the most common biocompatible and biodegradable nanoparticles [ 151 , 152 , 153 ]. The main flavonoid delivery systems are illustrated in Figure 15 .…”

Uji Kelarutan Flavonoid Ekstrak Kulit Salak Dalam Fase Minyak: Asam Oleat, Minyak Zaitun dan Isopropil Miristat

“…Oleh karena itu, sistem penghantaran obat berbasis lipid seperti nanoemulsi, SNEDDS, dan nanopartikel lipid dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kelarutan dari senyawa flavonoid. Selain itu, penggunaan basis lipid dapat mempermudah senyawa untuk melintasi saluran gastrointestinal dan sawar darah otak [7]. Dalam melakukan formulasi diperlukan basis lipid dengan kemampuan yang besar untuk melarutkan flavonoid.…”