Lipid Class and Fatty Acid Composition of a Little-known and Rarely Collected Alga Exophyllum wentii Weber-van Bosse from Bali Island, Indonesia

Abstract

The lipid class and fatty acid composition of a little-known and rarely collected alga Exophyllum wentii from Bali Island, Indonesia were determined for fresh and frozen-thawed samples using thin-layer chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography. Glycoglycerolipids, which mainly consisted of mongalactosyldiacylglycerols (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerols (DGDG), were the predominant lipid components, accounting for 67% and 56% of the total polar lipid content in the fresh and frozen-thawed samples, respectively. Phospholipids, including phosphatidylcholines (PC) and phosphatidylglycerols (PG), were detected with lesser amounts in both samples (16 -17% of the total polar lipid content). Free fatty acids (FFA), sterols and triacylglycerols (TAG) were also detected in minor quantities; however, the FFA content in the frozen-thawed sample increased to up to 20% of the total lipid content, suggesting that hydrolysis of the membrane lipids had occurred. A crude enzyme preparation from the alga showed activities for hydrolyzing the acyl groups of the phospholipids and glycoglycerolipids. Palmitic acid (16:0) and arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) were the major fatty acids in both the total lipid and in individual polar lipid classes as well as the dominant fatty acids released from the membrane lipids by enzymatic hydrolysis. The high level of 20:4n-6 (29%) in the total lipid and the presence of considerable amounts of PC (11% of the total polar lipid) and PG (6.2%) support classification of E. wentii into the Division Rhodophyta.

Growth and biochemical composition of Chlorella vulgaris in different growth media

“…This is important for aquaculture when polar lipids contribute to the production of PUFAs through esterification in the polar lipids (Meireles et al 2003); PUFAs are known as effective growth promoters in aquaculture (Ferreira et al 2009, Hill et al 2011. AMPL is a polar lipid class that may contain 35-50% chlorophyll (Parrish and Wangersky 1987, Lombardi and Wangersky 1991, 1995, Illija et al 2009). This in fact explains the significant correlation of chlorophyll a with the AMPL lipid class.…”

Algal lipids, fatty acids and sterols

“…Its level is highly plastic in algae and ranges between 1% and 97% (Dembitsky and Rozentsvet, 1996;Dembitsky et al , 1992;Fan et al , 2007;Hofmann and Eichenberger, 1997;Illijas et al , 2009;Kamenarska et al , 2004;Khotimchenko and Kulikova, 1999;Kulikova and Khotimchenko, 2000;Rozentsvet et al , 1995). Algal lipids are mostly characterized by saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids but many oleaginous algae exhibit the potential to accumulate long-chain PUFAs (AA, EPA and DHA).…”

Structural Characterization and Anti-HSV-1 and HSV-2 Activity of Glycolipids from the Marine Algae Osmundaria obtusiloba Isolated from Southeastern Brazilian Coast

“…Major glycolipids such as monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG), along with phospholipids were isolated from red, green and brown algae, such as, for example, Anfeltia tobuchiensis (Rhodophyta), Ulva fenestrate (Chlorophyta), Laminaria japonica (Chlorophyta), Sargassum pallidum (Phaeophyta) [1], Sargassum thunbergii (Phaeophyta) [2], Exophlyllum wentii (Rhodophyta) [3] and Chondria armata (Rhodophyta) [4], as well as in simbiotic organisms having mycroalgae [5,6]. These lipids are reported to exhibit diverse biological functions [7,8].…”