Lipid Digestion and Absorption

Carey, Martin C.; Small, Donald; Bliss, Charles M.

doi:10.1146/annurev.ph.45.030183.003251

Cited by 775 publications

(467 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Short-chain fatty acids can be directly absorbed into the blood, whereas long-chain fatty acids and monoacylglycerol combine with bile salts to form water-soluble micelles. 19 The micelles are absorbed into the mucosal cells of the intestine, and the fatty acids and monoacylglycerol are resynthesized into TG. These TG molecules are formed into small particles known as chylomicrons, which consist of Table 1 Effect of protamine on the body weight gain and body fat in rats feed a high-fat diet for 5 weeks Effect of protamine in obesity MÁ Duarte-Vázquez et al TG, the sterol lipid cholesterol and apoproteins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of protamine in obesity induced by high-fat diets in rats

et al. 2009

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Objective: Protamine has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on protein lipase in vitro; the objective of this study was to evaluate the antiobesity activity effect of protamine in obese induced rats, and to evaluate the effect of protamine on postprandial hypertriacylglyceridemia in rats by intragastric administration of a lipid emulsion containing corn oil. Design: Two experiments were carried out: (1) In a parallel study in rats, we administered a lipid emulsion containing corn oil plus 0, 200 or 500 mg kg -1 of protamine intragastrically. (2) In a randomized parallel prospective rats experiment, rats were fed with a high-fat diet and 0, 200 or 500 mg of protamine per kg of animal weight during 5 weeks. Subjects: Male Sprague-Dawley rats. Measurements: In experiment 1, plasma triacylglycerol levels after oral administration of lipid emulsion were determined. In experiment 2, weight gain, concentrations of plasma triacylglycerol, plasma total cholesterol and albumin were determined, and the subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues were weighed. Results: Plasma triacylglycerol concentration in rats administered with 200 or 500 mg kg -1 of protamine was significantly lower than that in rats in the control group (200 mg kg -1 of protamine, Po0.05 at 1, 2, 3 and 4 h; 500 mg kg -1 of protamine Po0.05 at 2, 3 and 4 h). In rats fed with a high-fat diet, and 200 and 500 mg kg -1 of protamine, there was a decreased body weight gain by 52 and 66 g, respectively, reduced visceral fat by 5 and 8 g, respectively and subcutaneous tissue weights by 12 and 15 g, respectively. Plasma triacylglycerol was 17 and 45 mg per 100 ml lower in rats fed with high-fat diet plus 200 and 500 mg kg -1 of protamine, respectively. And cholesterol concentrations were 18 and 22 mg per 100 ml lower in both protamine groups, respectively. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that protamine reduce weight gain and body fat accumulation through the inhibition of dietary fat absorption.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of protamine in obesity induced by high-fat diets in rats

et al. 2009

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“…The majority of studies involving lipid uptake in the intestine have focused on fatty acid transfer from bile salt micelles to enterocytes [86][87][88][89][90]. However, the recent discovery that non-micellar phases such as unilamellar vesicles may also be formed during fat digestion may prompt further investigation [91][92].…”

Section: Ii-c Role In Biological Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous lipid transfer between organized lipid assemblies

Brown

1992

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Biomembranes

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“…Following ingestion, dietary fat circulates as chylomicron TGFA (5,20). The clearance of these TGFA is catalyzed by the enzyme lipoprotein lipase (LPL) (1 l).These TGFA may either be stored in adipose tissue, or oxidized in muscle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trafficking of Dietary Fat in Lean Rats

1995

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BESSESEN, DANIEL H, CONNIE L RUPP AND ROBERT H ECKEL. Trafficking of dietary fat in lean rats. Obes Res. 1995;3:191-203. Despite increasing interest in the role that fuel partitioning plays in determining body composition, the relative importance of oxidative versus storage pathways in the clearance of dietary fat remains unclear. A widely held view is that the primary destination of chylomicron triglyceride fatty acids (TGFA) is adipose tissue, and the primary source of lipid fuel for skeletal muscle is non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA).An alternate view is that muscle, not adipose tissue, is the primary site of TGFA clearance. This view is supported by estimates of the total lipoprotein lipase content of muscle and adipose tissue. To directly study the partitioning of dietary fat between oxidation and storage, 14C-labeled oleic acid was fed to Sprague Dawley rats and its metabolic fate followed over 30 days. Two hours after ingestion, more than 3.5 times as much label was found in skeletal muscle tissue (2.42 f 0.45 nmols) and C 0 2 (0.25 f 0.01 nmols) than was found in adipose tissue (0.71 f 0.14 nmols). Intramuscular triglyceride was the lipid class most extensively labeled. After skeletal muscle, liver was the next most important site of TGFA clearance. Surprisingly a substantial quantity of label remained associated with the GI tract even 24 hours after ingestion. Between 2 and 10 days following ingestion there was a net decline in the 14C content of muscle, liver and GI tract, associated with a net rise in the 14C content of adipose tissue. These findings demonstrate: 1) the importance of skeletal muscle and liver in whole organism TGFA clearance, 2) the importance of intramuscular partitioning of lipid fuels between direct oxidation and storage as TG, 3) the potentially important role of the GI tract in the delivery of dietary fat to the circulation 10-24 hours following ingestion, and 4) the stability of adipose tissue as a storage site. The complex nature of the tissue-specific clearance of TGFA over time is perhaps better described by the term "trafficking' than by the more commonly used term "partitioning." Future studies of TGFA clearance combined with sampling of relevant tissues over time will provide insight into the specific roles that abnormalities in liver, muscle and adipose tissue TGFA metabolism play in the development of hypertriglyceridemic disorders and states of increased or reduced body weight.

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Lipid Digestion and Absorption

Cited by 775 publications

References 72 publications

Effect of protamine in obesity induced by high-fat diets in rats

Effect of protamine in obesity induced by high-fat diets in rats

Spontaneous lipid transfer between organized lipid assemblies

Trafficking of Dietary Fat in Lean Rats

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