Lipid Peroxidation and Some Antioxidant Enzymes Evaluation in Apple Cider Vinegar (ACV) Treated Male and Female Wistar Rats Exposed to Chronic Restraint Stress

Abstract

This study was designed to assess the effect to apple cider vinegar (ACV) on oxidative stress biomarkers in male and female Wistar rats exposed to chronic restraint stress. Severe and persistent stress elevates reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by metabolic and physiological processes; causing cellular damage. Thirty (30) Adult Wistar rats of both sexes weighing about 150 -200 g were divided into 3 groups each consisting of a male and female subgroup and given the following treatments once a day for 21 days: Normal control group received 0.5 ml distilled water orally, the restraint stress (RS) group was exposed to chronic restraint stress 6 hours daily while the Apple cider vinegar (ACV)-treated group received 4 ml/kg of apple cider vinegar orally in addition to chronic restraint stress 6 hours daily. The rats were sacrificed after the experimental period and blood was collected via cardiac puncture for assessing oxidative stress biomarkers. ACV (4 ml/kg) treatment decreased lipid peroxidation (MDA) and serum catalase (CAT) activity while upregulating endogenous superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The findings of this study show that the female Wistar rats are more predisposed to the antioxidant effect of ACV than the males.

Evaluation of Stress Enzymes Activities and Lipid Peroxidation in Heart Homogenates of Male Albino Rats Following the Administration of Diclofenac

“…This finding agrees with the work of Forstermann and Munzel, 3 whose result revealed a significant increase in human low-density lipoprotein and cell membrane lipid on treatment with celecoxib. The result of this present study also agrees with the work of Abdulrauf, et al [4], whose result showed increased serum levels of oxidative stress biomarkers SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activities in the restraint stress rats, an indication of enhanced oxidative stress from the chronic stress induction.…”

“…Increased ROS production due to enhanced activity of ROS producing entities is an underlying cause of oxidative stress in tissues [15]. This is in line with the finding of Ahmad et al [18] and Abdulrauf et al [4], whose results showed a significant increase in MDA level in celecoxib treated rats and restraint stress rats respectively.…”

“…Oxidative stress is a molecular deregulation in reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Oxidative stress is no longer considered as a simple imbalance between the production and scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS), but as a dysfunction of enzymes involved in ROS production [4,5]. Research has shown that NSAIDs may affect the redox status of vascular tissues by affecting the activities of stress enzymes.…”

Effect of stress induced changes in neuropeptide Y on antioxidant status.

“…Induction of chronic restraining stress of 21 days led to increase in MDA and decrease in SOD concentrations. 15 Similar trend of decrease in SOD levels has been found when rats were subjected to chronic restraining stress of 21 days and increase in MDA concentrations were also estimated. 16 In chronic restraint stress rats with low serum NPY levels, showed raised behavioral sensitivity to normal anxiety, increased susceptibility to non-epileptic seizures and fear suppression.…”

Functional Foods and Their Implications for Health Promotion

“…Apple cider vinegar is touted to have multiple cardiovascular benefits by exerting antiglycaemic, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties along with aiding with weight loss, Although promising, there have been very few studies beyond in vitro or in vivo evidence (Abdulrauf et al, 2018;Ahmadifar et al, 2019;Budak et al, 2011;Halima et al, 2019;Tripathi et al, 2020). For example, the administration of apple cider vinegar during calorie-restricted dieting may improve weight loss thus supporting cardiovascular health (Khezri et al, 2018).…”