Lipid transport systems : some recent aspects in swine, cattle and trout during development

Mj, Chapman; Forgez, Patricia

doi:10.1051/rnd:19850211

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, there are few data on the develop mental changes in bovine lipoproteins [5][6][7], To our knowledge, only the study of Forte et al [5] has been carried out on fetal bovines. They reported the morphological and physi cochemical characteristics of ultracentrifugally isolated lipoproteins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Changes in Plasma Apolipoproteins B and A-I in Fetal Bovines

Marcos¹,

Mazur²,

Cardot³

et al. 1991

Neonatology

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Plasma lipid, apolipoprotein (apo) B and apo A-I concentrations were measured in fetal calves in the age range of 4–9 months. The results were compared with those obtained from preruminant calves and cows. The studied lipids and apolipoproteins underwent quantitative changes during development. Fetal calves, as compared to preruminant calves and cows, had a particularly low apo A-I concentration and a high apo B/apo A-I ratio. Unlike adult animals which have two forms of apo B, fetal calves had only high molecular weight apo B (apo Bh). During fetal development triglyceride, cholesterol and apo B concentrations decreased, but apo A-I concentrations remained constant.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Changes in Plasma Apolipoproteins B and A-I in Fetal Bovines

Marcos¹,

Mazur²,

Cardot³

et al. 1991

Neonatology

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“…Distinct extracellular lipid transport systems that utilize lipoproteins evolved more than 900 million years ago. These include the apolipophorins circulating through the hemolymph of insects ( , ), vitellogenins of oviparous animals ( , ), and the apoB lipoproteins secreted by vertebrates ( , ). In insects, hemolymph contains two lipid-containing particles, lipophorins, which exist as high-density and low-density particles, and lipid transfer particle (LTP).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acquisition of Triacylglycerol Transfer Activity by Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein during Evolution

Rava

Hussain

2007

Biochemistry

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Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) is essential for the assembly of neutral lipid rich apolipoprotein B (apoB)-lipoproteins. Previously we reported that the Drosophila MTP transfers phospholipids but does not transfer triglycerides. In contrast, human MTP transfers both lipids. To explore the acquisition of triglyceride transfer activity by MTP, we evaluated amino acid sequences, protein structures, as well as the biochemical and cellular properties of various MTP orthologs obtained from species that diverged during evolution. All MTP orthologs shared similar secondary and tertiary structures, associated with protein disulfide isomerase, localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, and supported apoB secretion. While vertebrate MTPs transferred triglyceride invertebrate MTPs lacked this activity. Thus, triglyceride transfer activity was acquired during the transition from invertebrates to vertebrates. Within vertebrates, fish, amphibians, and birds displayed 27%, 40% and 100% triglyceride transfer activity compared to mammals. We conclude that MTP triglyceride transfer activity first appeared in fish and speculate that the acquisition of triglyceride transfer activity by MTP provided for a significant advantage in the evolution of larger and more complex organisms. KeywordsLipoproteins; apoB; MTP; triglycerides; evolution; phospholipids; vertebrates; invertebrates Distinct extracellular lipid transport systems that utilize lipoproteins evolved more than 900 million years ago. These include the apolipophorins circulating through the hemolymph of insects (1;2), vitellogenins of oviparous animals (3;4), and the apoB-lipoproteins secreted by vertebrates (5;6). In insects, hemolymph contains two lipid-containing particles, lipophorins, which exist as high density and low density particles, and lipid transfer particle (LTP). Both these particles are synthesized and secreted by cells; however, biochemical mechanisms involved in their biosynthesis have not been elaborated. Lipophorins acts as re-useable shuttle whereas the LTP loads and unloads lipids, mainly diacylglycerols, onto these particles. High density lipophorins contain two proteins lipophorin I (M r ~250 kDa) and II (M r ~70 kDa) that arise from proteolytic cleavage of a precursor protein. The low density lipophorin, in addition, contains lipophorin III (M r ~18 kDa) that is acquired during the loading of lipids to cover surface of the particles (2;4;7). LTP is a very high-density lipoprotein consisting of 14% lipid and three apolipoproteins, apoLTP-1, -II. -III of ~ 350, 85, and 60 kDa. Vitellogenins are female-specific lipoproteins synthesized intracellularly. The protein associated with these Correspondence: Phone: 718-270-4790; Fax: 718-270-2462, E-mail (20) and reduce the secretion of these particles both in cell culture as well as animal models (21;22). In humans, the absence of MTP activity results in abetalipoproteinemia, a disease characterized by the deficiency of plasma apoB and severely reduced lipid levels (23). Thus, the MTP lipi...

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“…Not very much is known about lipid transport in fish. However, fish like salmon contain substantial amounts of intramuscular fat, which is accumulated and subsequently oxidized during spawning (Sargent & Henderson, 1980;Chapman & Forgez, 1985;Sheridan, 1988;Babin & Vernier, 1989;Henderson, 1996). This design of substantial intramuscular fat storage in close proximity to mitochondria therefore most likely represents another solution to utilize fat as a fuel during exercise.…”

Section: Lipid Transport In Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat metabolism in exercise – with special reference to training and growth hormone administration

Lange

2004

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Despite abundance of fat, exclusive dependency on fat oxidation can only sustain a metabolic rate corresponding to 50-60% of VO(2max) in humans. This puzzling finding has been subject to intense research for many years. Lately, it has gained renewed interest as a consequence of increased obesity and physical inactivity imposed by Western lifestyle. Why are humans so poor at metabolizing fat? Can fat metabolism be manipulated by exercise, training, diet and hormones? And why is fat stored in specialized adipose tissue and not just as lipid droplets inside muscle cells? In the present review, human fat metabolism is discussed in relation to how human fat metabolism is designed. Limitations in this design are explored and examples of different designs for fat metabolism from animal physiology are included to illustrate these limitations. Various means of manipulating fat metabolism are discussed with special emphasis on exercise, training, growth hormone (GH) physiology and GH administration. It is concluded that fat stores, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) availability and enzymes for fat oxidation can be increased substantially. However, it is almost impossible to increase fat oxidation during endurance exercise at higher intensities. It seems that, for some reason, the human being is far from optimally designed for fat oxidation during exercise. Acute GH administration has several unexpected effects on fat and carbohydrate metabolism during aerobic exercise, and future research in this area is likely to provide valuable information with respect to GH physiology and the regulation of fat and carbohydrate metabolism during aerobic exercise.

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Lipid transport systems : some recent aspects in swine, cattle and trout during development

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Developmental Changes in Plasma Apolipoproteins B and A-I in Fetal Bovines

Developmental Changes in Plasma Apolipoproteins B and A-I in Fetal Bovines

Acquisition of Triacylglycerol Transfer Activity by Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein during Evolution

Fat metabolism in exercise – with special reference to training and growth hormone administration

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