Lipidomic profiling using GC and LC-MS/MS revealed the improved milk quality and lipid composition in dairy cows supplemented with citrus peel extract

Zhao, Yuxing; Yu, Shiqiang; Zhao, Huiying; Li, Liuxue; Li, Yuqin; Yan, Tao; Jiang, Linshu; Zhao, Guanglei

doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111767

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…On the other hand, cows consuming the RG diet had a greater content of 2,6 dihydroxybenzoic acid which is an anti-oxidant with the potential to have beneficial health effects [ 63 , 64 ] and 2-hydroxyhippurate which has been associated with chemoprevention [ 65 ], thus indicating both diets have the potential to provide beneficial compounds for animal health. The differences observed in the metabolomic profile in this study and others indicates [ 66 , 67 , 68 ] the possibility to alter the nutraceutical value of the final product and thus presents an opportunity for designing dietary strategies for ruminants to potentially target health outcomes for the final consumer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Dietary and Animal Strategies to Reduce the Environmental Impact of Pastoral Dairy Systems Result in Altered Nutraceutical Profiles in Milk

Marshall

Garrett

Vliet

et al. 2022

Animals

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The objective of this study was to evaluate and provide further insights into how dairy cows genetically divergent for milk urea N breeding values [MUNBV, high (2.21 ± 0.21) vs. low (1.16 ± 0.21); µ ± SEM], consuming either fresh cut Plantain (Plantago lanceolata L., PL) or Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L., RG) herbage, impacted the nutraceutical profile of whole milk by investigating amino and fatty acid composition and applying metabolomic profiling techniques. Both diet and MUNBV, and their interaction term, were found to affect the relative abundance of alanine, glycine, histidine, and phenylalanine in the milk (p < 0.05), but their minor absolute differences (up to ~0.13%) would not be considered biologically relevant. Differences were also detected in the fatty acid profile based on MUNBV and diet (p < 0.05) with low MUNBV cows having a greater content of total unsaturated fatty acids (+16%) compared to high MUNBV cows and cows consuming PL having greater content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (+92%), omega 3 (+101%) and 6 (+113%) compared to RG. Differences in the metabolomic profile of the milk were also detected for both MUNBV and dietary treatments. Low MUNBV cows were found to have greater abundances of choline phosphate, phosphorylethanolamine, N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate, and 2-dimethylaminoethanol (p < 0.05). High MUNBV cows had a greater abundance of methionine sulfoxide, malate, 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG), glycerate, arabitol/xylitol, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate, 5-hydroxylysine and cystine (p < 0.05). Large differences (p < 0.05) were also detected as a result of diet with PL diets having greater abundances of the phytochemicals 4-acetylcatechol sulfate, 4-methylcatechol sulfate, and p-cresol glucuronide whilst RG diets had greater abundances of 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2-acetamidophenol sulfate, and 2-hydroxyhippurate. The results of this study indicate the potential to alter the nutraceutical value of milk from dietary and genetic strategies that have been previously demonstrated to reduce environmental impact.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Dietary and Animal Strategies to Reduce the Environmental Impact of Pastoral Dairy Systems Result in Altered Nutraceutical Profiles in Milk

Marshall

Garrett

Vliet

et al. 2022

Animals

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“…Cellular accumulations of Cer and SPH, which occur in response to stress, such exposure to tumor necrosis factor alpha or oxidative stress, are associated with apoptotic responses [ 84 ]. SP not only plays important roles in cell signal transduction but also acts as an important part of MFGM together with GP [ 85 ]. After KRAS inhibition, various forms of SP and GP were differentially expressed, and VIP score analysis also showed that TG was the main contributor to the difference between groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

KRAS Affects the Lipid Composition by Regulating Mitochondrial Functions and MAPK Activation in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells

Jiang

Liu

et al. 2022

Animals

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Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), or guanosine triphosphatase KRAS, is a proto-oncogene that encodes the small guanosine triphosphatase transductor protein. Previous studies have found that KRAS can promote cytokine secretion, cell chemotaxis, and survival. However, its effects on milk fat synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells are unclear. In this study, the effects of KRAS inhibition on cell metabolism, autophagy, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial function, and lipid composition as well as the potential mechanisms were detected in an immortalized dairy cow mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T). The results showed that inhibition of KRAS changed the lipid composition (especially the triglyceride level), mitochondrial functions, autophagy, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in cells. Moreover, KRAS inhibition regulated the levels of the mammalian target of rapamycin and mitogen-activated protein kinase (extracellular regulated protein kinases, c-Jun N-terminal kinases, p38) activation. These results indicated that regulation of KRAS would affect the synthesis and composition of milk fat. These results are also helpful for exploring the synthesis and secretion of milk fat at the molecular level and provide a theoretical basis for improving the percentage of fat in milk and the yield of milk from cows.

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“…The product CPE was provided by Shaanxi Xiazhou Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Xi’an, China). According to the manufacturer, citrus flavonoids were extracted and enriched from the peel powder of Citrus reticulata Blanco , and the preparation was performed as previously reported [ 11 ]. The total flavonoid content of CPE was determined using commercially available kits (Beijing Boxbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China), and absorbance 510 nm was recorded with rutin equivalents.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One composited milk sample was placed in a vial containing preservative (2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol) and stored at 4 °C until being shipped to the Beijing Dairy Cows Center (Beijing, China) for milk component analyses. The data on milk yield and milk composition (fat, protein, lactose, SCC, and urea) was previously published [ 11 ]. Another composited sample was kept at −20 °C until the determination of immune-related indexes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have demonstrated that citrus flavonoids or citrus extracts have various beneficial biological functions in ruminants, such as reducing rumen inflammation [ 8 ], decreasing ruminal methane production [ 9 ], and improving milk′s oxidative stability [ 10 ]. Our latest study also showed that supplementing citrus peel extract (CPE) rich in flavonoids to the diet of cows decreased milk somatic cell count (SCC) and improved milk yield and milk lactose percentage [ 11 ]. However, the health-promoting effects associated with altered mammary microbiota and metabolites remain unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbiome-Metabolomics Insights into the Milk of Lactating Dairy Cows to Reveal the Health-Promoting Effects of Dietary Citrus Peel Extracts on the Mammary Metabolism

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2022

Foods

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The effects of dietary supplementation with citrus peel extract (CPE) on milk biochemical parameters, milk bacterial community, and milk metabolites were evaluated. Eight lactating cows were allocated to a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square. Experimental treatments included the control diet (CON), and CON supplemented with CPE at 50 g/d (CPE50), 100 g/d (CPE100), and 150 g/d (CPE150). Supplementing with CPE linearly decreased milk interleukin-6 and malondialdehyde concentrations and linearly increased lysozyme activity and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity. Compared with CON, the milk of CPE150 cows had fewer abundances of several opportunistic pathogens and psychrotrophic bacteria, such as Escherichia-Shigella, Sphingobacterium, Alcaligenes, Stenotrophomonas, and Ochrobactrum. Supplementing with CPE significantly altered the metabolic profiling in the milk. The metabolites of flavonoids were enriched in the milk of cows fed CPE150, while some proinflammation compounds were decreased compared with CON. Correlation analysis showed that the change in the bacterial community might partly contribute to the alteration in the expression of milk cytokines. In conclusion, CPE exerts health-promoting effects (e.g., antioxidant, anti-microbial, and anti-inflammatory) in the mammary metabolism of cows due to its flavonoid compounds, which also provide additional value in terms of milk quality improvement.

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Lipidomic profiling using GC and LC-MS/MS revealed the improved milk quality and lipid composition in dairy cows supplemented with citrus peel extract

Cited by 21 publications

References 38 publications

Dietary and Animal Strategies to Reduce the Environmental Impact of Pastoral Dairy Systems Result in Altered Nutraceutical Profiles in Milk

Dietary and Animal Strategies to Reduce the Environmental Impact of Pastoral Dairy Systems Result in Altered Nutraceutical Profiles in Milk

KRAS Affects the Lipid Composition by Regulating Mitochondrial Functions and MAPK Activation in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells

Microbiome-Metabolomics Insights into the Milk of Lactating Dairy Cows to Reveal the Health-Promoting Effects of Dietary Citrus Peel Extracts on the Mammary Metabolism

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