Lipids, Liberty, and the Integrity of Free Actions

Kirkwood, Kenneth

doi:10.1080/15265160903581767

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…While we are still far from concrete implementation of nutrigenomics/nutrigenetics or epigenomics/epigenetics in public health, authors have started to address the ethical issues that might be raised by their applications, such as the threat to individual autonomy, the excessive burden on personal responsibility, and the stigmatization of individuals who would not comply with personal dietary recommendations. Interventions relating to health claims and nutrition, as well as food marketing, advertisement and labelling and their role in the prevention of noncommunicable diseases are mentioned or addressed in 16 articles [ 70 , 78 , 88 , 96 , 98 , 104 , 109 , 127 , 131 , 133 , 135 – 139 , 146 ]. Ethical issues raised by food bans–in particular transfat bans–and food taxes interventions, such as described in the previous section, are also addressed in the field of noncommunicable diseases [ 79 , 87 , 98 , 131 – 140 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethical issues in the development and implementation of nutrition-related public health policies and interventions: A scoping review

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThe limited integration of ethics in nutrition-related public health policies and interventions is one major concern for those who have the task of implementing them. Ethical challenges that are overlooked during the development of such interventions could raise serious ethical issues during their implementation and even after. As a result, these decision makers need technical support and ethical guidance for adaptation of interventions to local (cultural, social, economic, etc.) contexts.AimThe goal of this scoping review is to delineate and “map” the range of ethical issues in nutrition-related public health interventions, as well as the range of the various fields in which they may arise.MethodsA scoping review of empirical research and conceptual literature was conducted following the framework of Arksey and O’Malley. Searches using PubMed with Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) categories and Advanced Search Builder as well as in the Global Health Library were performed. The final sample consists of 169 publications.ResultsThe ethics of public health prevention or treatment of obesity and non-communicable diseases is the most explicitly and frequently discussed subject. In comparison, ethical issues raised by public health interventions in the fields of undernutrition, breastfeeding, vitamin/mineral supplementation and food fortification, food security, food sustainability and food safety are addressed in a lower proportion of the sample. The results illustrate the various natures, types, and scopes of existing public health nutrition-related interventions, and the various ethical issues that may be raised by these interventions, in addition to the numerous and different contexts in which they may be implemented.DiscussionThe ethical issues faced in the development and implementation of nutrition-related public health interventions are varied and cannot be equated with, nor generalized about, when dealing with specific activities in this field. More importantly, these ethical issues cannot be managed without a careful consideration for the complexity of contexts in which nutrition-related interventions are expected to be implemented. These interventions engage a variety of actors with diverse perspectives and interests. We discuss these challenges and also comment on the importance of considering ethical impacts in the monitoring and evaluation of such interventions.ConclusionGeneral ethical frameworks or recommendations–although useful–cannot be expected to provide policy makers, implementators and other public health personnel with sufficient practical ethical guidance as they cannot consider and anticipate the particularities of all specific nutrition-related public health interventions and the complexity of the contexts in which they are implemented. Further research is needed in order to develop more targeted ethical frameworks.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethical issues in the development and implementation of nutrition-related public health policies and interventions: A scoping review

et al. 2017

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“…They may add that people's choices are distorted by poor nutritional information, advertising, and social pressures (Gostin, 2010;Kirkwood, 2010). Mill was also concerned with such influences (pp.…”

Section: Is (Soft) Paternalism Permissible?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reformulating Mill’s Harm Principle

Saunders¹

2016

Mind

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“…Several authors (Boddington 2010; Gostin 2010; Kirkwood 2010; Wilson and Dawson 2010) argue that I over-value the freedom to decide what one eats. Their argument is based on the observation that powerful economic, cultural, geographic, psychological, and other forces significantly constrain, manipulate, or subconsciously influence our food choices.…”

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confidence: 99%

Response to Open Peer Commentaries on “Trans Fat Bans and Human Freedom”

Resnik

2010

The American Journal of Bioethics

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Lipids, Liberty, and the Integrity of Free Actions

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

Ethical issues in the development and implementation of nutrition-related public health policies and interventions: A scoping review

Ethical issues in the development and implementation of nutrition-related public health policies and interventions: A scoping review

Reformulating Mill’s Harm Principle

Response to Open Peer Commentaries on “Trans Fat Bans and Human Freedom”

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