Lipopolysaccharide derived from the digestive tract triggers an inflammatory response in the uterus of mid-lactating dairy cows during SARA

Bilal, Muhammad; Abaker, Juma Ahamed; Aabdin, Zainul; Xu, Tianle; Dai, Hongyu; Zhang, Kai; Liu, Xinxin; Shen, Xiang

doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0907-1

Cited by 40 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…These milk composition reduced because the free circulating LPS may decrease the activity of key enzymes in milk component syntheses, such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, and lipoprotein lipase [ 15 ]. Consistent with previous SARA studies we observed increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines in goats fed HG alone [ 36 ] and conversely these proinflammatory cytokines were prominently decreased in goat fed HG with NaB. These further confirmed the presence of SARA in a group of goats fed high grain diets.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Sodium butyrate improves antioxidant stability in sub-acute ruminal acidosis in dairy goats

Abaker

Bilal

et al. 2018

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundCurrently, little is known about the effect of sodium butyrate (NaB) on oxidative stress following grain-induced sub-acute ruminal acidosis in dairy goats. In the present study, 18 lactating dairy goats implanted with a ruminal cannula and permanent indwelling catheters in the portal and hepatic veins were randomly allocated into 3 treatment groups over 20 weeks: low grain (LG, 40% grain; n = 6), high grain (HG, 60% grain; n = 6) and high grain with sodium butyrate (HG + NaB, 60% grain + NaB; n = 6).ResultsWhen added to the HG diet, NaB increased the mean ruminal pH and reduced the levels of ruminal, portal and hepatic LPS; Additionally, we observed an increase in SOD1, SOD2, SOD3, GPX1 and CAT mRNA expression, increased levels of TSOD and CAT enzyme activity as well as increased total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) in both the liver and plasma, while GPx activity increased in the liver of goats fed the HG + NaB diet. The mRNA expression of UGT1A1, NQO1, MGST3, and Nrf2, as well as total Nrf2 protein levels were increased in goats fed the HG + NaB diet.ConclusionsOur study indicates that sodium butyrate could improve the oxidative status in sub-acute ruminal acidosis through the partial activation of Nrf2-dependent genes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Sodium butyrate improves antioxidant stability in sub-acute ruminal acidosis in dairy goats

Abaker

Bilal

et al. 2018

BMC Vet Res

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“…(Figure 1; Tomlinson and Blikslager, 2004), and these cytokines are expected to initiate the synthesis of serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin (Hp) in the liver (Figure 1). Some studies have indeed shown that grain-induced SARA increased the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in peripheral blood plasma of cows (Bilal et al, 2016;Guo et al, 2017) and goats (Chang et al, 2015). However, Li et al (2016), observed that, despite increases in SAA, Hp and LBP, grain-induced SARA reduced the blood plasma concentration of IL-6, and did not affect that of TNF-α.…”

Section: Gastrointestinal Health and Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, a malfunctioning of the liver, such as that often seen in early lactation, could aggravate the LPS-related symptoms of SARA. The effects of SARA challenges on the concentration of LPS in blood plasma, therefore, vary greatly among studies, as in the studies of Supplementary Material S2, LPS was only detected in blood plasma by Chang et al (2015), Bilal et al (2016) and Li et al (2016), which shows that LPS can translocate out of the digestive tract. The discrepancies among studies may be due to differences in the duration and severity of the SARA challenge, and thresholds below which LPS does not translocate.…”

Section: Gastrointestinal Health and Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Enhancing gastrointestinal health in dairy cows

Plaizier

Mesgaran

Derakhshani

et al. 2018

Animal

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Due to their high energy requirements, high-yielding dairy cows receive high-grain diets. This commonly jeopardises their gastrointestinal health by causing subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) and hindgut acidosis. These disorders can disrupt nutrient utilisations, impair the functionalities of gastrointestinal microbiota, and reduce the absorptive and barrier capacities of gastrointestinal epithelia. They can also trigger inflammatory responses. The symptoms of SARA are not only due to a depressed rumen pH. Hence, the diagnosis of this disorder based solely on reticulo-rumen pH values is inaccurate. An accurate diagnosis requires a combination of clinical examinations of cows, including blood, milk, urine and faeces parameters, as well as analyses of herd management and feed quality, including the dietary contents of NDF, starch and physical effective NDF. Grain-induced SARA increases acidity and shifts availabilities of substrates for microorganisms in the reticulo-rumen and hindgut and can result in a dysbiotic microbiota that are characterised by low richness, diversity and functionality. Also, amylolytic microorganisms become more dominant at the expense of proteolytic and fibrolytic ones. Opportunistic microorganisms can take advantage of newly available niches, which, combined with reduced functionalities of epithelia, can contribute to an overall reduction in nutrient utilisation and increasing endotoxins and pathogens in digesta and faeces. The reduced barrier function of epithelia increases translocation of these endotoxins and other immunogenic compounds out of the digestive tract, which may be the cause of inflammations. This needs to be confirmed by determining the toxicity of these compounds. Cows differ in their susceptibility to poor gastrointestinal health, due to variations in genetics, feeding history, diet adaptation, gastrointestinal microbiota, metabolic adaptation, stress and infections. These differences may also offer opportunities for the management of gastrointestinal health. Strategies to prevent SARA include balancing the diet for physical effective fibre, non-fibre carbohydrates and starch, managing the different fractions of non-fibre carbohydrates, and consideration of the type and processing of grain and forage digestibility. Gastrointestinal health disorders due to high grain feeding may be attenuated by a variety of feed supplements and additives, including buffers, antibiotics, probiotics/direct fed microbials and yeast products. However, the efficacy of strategies to prevent these disorders must be improved. This requires a better understanding of the mechanisms through which these strategies affect the functionality of gastrointestinal microbiota and epithelia, and the immunity, inflammation and 'gastrointestinal-health robustness' of cows. More representative models to induce SARA are also needed.

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“…Under such circumstances, endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS), a cell wall component of Gram-negative bacteria, is released in an increasing amount in the rumen [1,2,3,5]. Several studies showed when dairy cows were fed high-concentrate diets, both ruminal and circulating LPS increased [6,7,8,9,10,11]. Studies also demonstrated feeding dairy cows high-concentrate diets resulted in increased LPS concentrations in the mammary artery plasma as compared with cows fed with low-concentrate diets [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide Induced Alterations of Genome-Wide DNA Methylation and Promoter Methylation of Lactation-Related Genes in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells

Sun

Dong

et al. 2019

Toxins

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Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could result in poor lactation performance in dairy cows. High methylation of DNA is associated with gene repression. However, it is unclear whether LPS could suppress the expression of lactation-related genes by inducing DNA methylation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the impact of LPS on genome-wide DNA methylation, using methylated DNA immunoprecipitation with high-throughput sequencing (MeDIP-seq) and on the promoter methylation of lactation-related genes using MassArray analysis in bovine mammary epithelial cells. The bovine mammary epithelial cell line MAC-T cells were treated for 48 h with LPS at different doses of 0, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 endotoxin units (EU)/mL (1 EU = 0.1 ng). The results showed that the genomic methylation levels and the number of methylated genes in the genome as well as the promoter methylation levels of milk genes increased when the LPS dose was raised from 0 to 10 EU/mL, but decreased after further increasing the LPS dose. The milk gene mRNA expression levels of the 10 EU/mL LPS treatment were significantly lower than these of untreated cells. The results also showed that the number of hypermethylated genes was greater than that of hypomethylated genes in lipid and amino acid metabolic pathways following 1 and 10 EU/mL LPS treatments as compared with control. By contrast, in the immune response pathway the number of hypomethylated genes increased with increasing LPS doses. The results indicate LPS at lower doses induced hypermethylation of the genome and promoters of lactation-related genes, affecting milk gene mRNA expression. However, LPS at higher doses induced hypomethylation of genes involved in the immune response pathway probably in favor of immune responses.

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Lipopolysaccharide derived from the digestive tract triggers an inflammatory response in the uterus of mid-lactating dairy cows during SARA

Cited by 40 publications

References 48 publications

Sodium butyrate improves antioxidant stability in sub-acute ruminal acidosis in dairy goats

Sodium butyrate improves antioxidant stability in sub-acute ruminal acidosis in dairy goats

Review: Enhancing gastrointestinal health in dairy cows

Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide Induced Alterations of Genome-Wide DNA Methylation and Promoter Methylation of Lactation-Related Genes in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells

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