Liposome-Based Bioassays

Abstract

This review highlights the potential of using liposomes in bioassays. Liposomes consist of nano- or micro-sized, synthetically constructed phospholipid vesicles. Liposomes can be loaded with a number of reporting molecules that allow a dramatic amplification of the detection threshold in bioassays. Liposome-based sensors bind or react with the biological components of targets through the introduction of properly tailored vectors anchored on their external surface. The use of liposome-based formulations allows the set-up of bioassays that are rapid, sensitive, and often suitable for in-field applications. Selected applications in the field of immunoassays, as well as recognition/assessment of corona proteins, nucleic acids, exosomes, bacteria, and viruses are surveyed. The role of magnetoliposomes is also highlighted as an additional tool in the armory of liposome-based systems for bioassays.

Nanoparticles advanced from preclinical studies to clinical trials for lung cancer therapy

“…This amphiphilic property makes liposomes the choice for delivery of the drugs with different polarities (Large et al 2021 ). In 1961, Bangham and Horne first described liposomes at the Babraham Institute in Cambridge, which opened the prelude to the study of liposomes (Sforzi et al 2020 ). In fact, liposomes are the simplest biological cell mimics, and their main components include lipids and fatty acids, which are also present in cell membranes, so liposomes are considered to have good biocompatibility and biodegradability.…”

Liposome-based Biosensors and Diagnosis Imaging Agents

“…Different types of assays have employed liposomes for biosensing by simply mixing the liposomes with test samples, such as immunoassays [liposome agglutination, liposome immunoaggregation, liposome immunoblotting, immunochromatographic liposome, and liposome-linked immunosorbent assays, (30,31) ]. Liposomes have also been employed as biosensors to detect various analytes (e.g., toxins, pesticides, enzyme, and viruses) (Table 1).…”

Nucleic Acid‐Modified Liposome: Construction Methods and Biological Applications

“…[ 38 ] The fluorescent molecules as a reporter probe can be connected with liposomes to amplify signals. [ 39 ] The commonly used fluorescent dyes are sulforhodamine and carboxyfluorescein. [ 40 ] This method usually uses one DNA strand anchored on magnetic beads as a anchor chain, and the other DNA strand was attached on the liposome as a reporter strand ( Figure a).…”