Lipoxygenase - a versatile biocatalyst for biotransformation of endobiotics and xenobiotics

Abstract

Lipoxygenase, a member of the arachidonate cascade enzymes, dioxygenates polyenoic fatty acids to finally yield products with profound and distinct biological activity. This review summarizes the available evidence for another role played by lipoxygenases in the metabolism of endobiotics and xenobiotics. Although other mechanisms exist, a direct hydrogen abstraction by the enzyme and the peroxyl radical-dependent chemical oxidation appear to be central to the co-oxidase activity of lipoxygenases. Besides polyunsaturated fatty acids, H2O2, fatty acid hydroperoxides, and synthetic organic hydroperoxides support the lipoxygenase-catalyzed xenobiotic oxidation. The major reactions documented thus far include oxidation, epoxidation, hydroxylation, sulfoxidation, desulfuration, dearylation, and N-dealkylation. It is noteworthy that lipoxygenases are also capable of glutathione conjugation of certain xenobiotics. The enzyme system appears to be inducible following exposure to chemicals. Lipoxygenases are inhibited by a large number of chemicals, some of which also serve as co-substrates. Available data suggest that lipoxygenases contribute to in vivo metabolism of xenobiotics in mammals.

Inhibition of Soybean Lipoxygenases – Structural and Activity Models for the Lipoxygenase Isoenzymes Family

“…Besides polyunsaturated fatty acids, H 2 O 2 , fatty acid hydroperoxides, and synthetic organic hydroperoxides support the lipoxygenase-catalyzed xenobiotic oxidation the major reactions documented thus far including oxidation, epoxidation, hydroxylation, sulfoxidation, desulfuration, dearylation, and N-dealkylation (Kulkarni, 2001). It is noteworthy that lipoxygenases are also capable of glutathione conjugation of certain xenobiotics (Kulkarni, 2001).…”

“…It is noteworthy that lipoxygenases are also capable of glutathione conjugation of certain xenobiotics (Kulkarni, 2001). Available data suggest that lipoxygenases contribute to in vivo metabolism of endobiotics and xenobiotics in mammals (Kulkarni, 2001).…”

“…It is noteworthy that lipoxygenases are also capable of glutathione conjugation of certain xenobiotics (Kulkarni, 2001). Available data suggest that lipoxygenases contribute to in vivo metabolism of endobiotics and xenobiotics in mammals (Kulkarni, 2001). Recent reviews describe the role of lipoxygenase in cancer (Bhattacharya et al, 2009;Pidgeon et al, 2007;Moreno, 2009), inflammation (Duroudier et al, 2009;Hersberger, 2010) and vascular biology (Chawengsub et al, 2009;Mochizuki & Kwon, 2008) and for an extensive presentation of the role of eicosanoids in prevention and management of diseases the reader is referred to the review of Szefel et al (2011).…”

“…Lipoxygenases are inhibited by a large number of chemicals, some of which also serve as co-substrates (Kulkarni, 2001).…”

Lipoxygenase-Quercetin Interaction: A Kinetic Study Through Biochemical and Spectroscopy Approaches

“…Available data also suggest that lipoxygenases contribute to in vivo metabolism of endobiotics and xenobiotics in mammals (Kulkarni, 2001). Recent reviews describe the role of lipoxygenase in cancer (Bhattacharya et al, 2009;Pidgeon et al, 2007;Moreno, 2009), inflammation (Duroudier et al, 2009;Hersberger, 2010) and vascular biology (Chawengsub et al, 2009;Mochizuki & Kwon, 2008) and for an extensive presentation of the role of eicosanoids in prevention and management of diseases the reader is referred to the review of Szefel et al (2011).…”