Liquid crystal technology for vergence-accommodation conflicts in augmented reality and virtual reality systems: a review

Wang, Yu-Jen; Lin, Yi

doi:10.1080/21680396.2021.1948927

Cited by 38 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…The field of LC-tunable lenses is very active at the moment 25 , 26 , as they can be used in ophthalmic applications 27 – 29 , mobile phones 30 , autostereoscopic devices 31 , 32 , plenoptic capture systems 33 , 34 , virtual reality displays 35 , to name some key enabled applications. In recent years, numerous structures have been proposed, e.g., by using curved electrodes 36 , 37 , built-in dielectric layers 38 – 40 , multielectrodes 41 – 44 and modal lenses 27 , 30 , 45 , 46 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A high birefringence liquid crystal for lenses with large aperture

Bennis

Jankowski

Strzeżysz

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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This work presents the application of an experimental nematic liquid crystal (LC) mixture (1929) in a large aperture lens. The LC material is composed of terphenyl and biphenyl derivatives compounds with an isothiocyanate terminal group and fluorinated lateral substituents. The substitution with a strongly polar isothiocyanate group and an aromatic rigid core provides $$\pi$$ π -electron coupling, providing high birefringence ($$\Delta n = 0.3375$$ Δ n = 0.3375 at 636 nm and 23 °C) and low viscosity ($$\eta$$ η = 17.03 mPa s). In addition, it also shows high values of birefringence at near infrared (0.318 at 1550 nm). The synthesis process is simple when comparing materials with high melting temperatures. The excellent properties of this LC mixture are demonstrated in a large aperture LC-tunable lens based on a transmission electrode structure. Thanks to the particular characteristics of this mixture, the optical power is high. The high birefringence makes this LC of specific interest for lenses and optical phase modulators and devices, both in the visible and infrared regions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A high birefringence liquid crystal for lenses with large aperture

Bennis

Jankowski

Strzeżysz

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…After doing extensive literature review, Kramida and Versney concluded that varifocal Liquid Crystal (LC) lens couple with eye tracking system has the highest potential to AC conflict [9]. Large aperture varifocal LC lenses for AC mismatch correction in HMDs are already reported [10][11][12][13]. However, till date, there is no tunable LC lens approach that include simultaneous correction of AC mismatch and Rx in HMDs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

80‐1: Invited Paper: Tunable liquid crystal lens for dynamic Prescription (Rx) correction and Accommodation‐Convergence (AC) conflict correction in AR/VR/3D HMDs

Bhowmick,

Jamali,

Bryant

et al. 2023

Symp Digest of Tech Papers

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While the near‐to‐eye HMDs are advancing in display resolution, there are active challenges related to accommodation‐convergence (AC) conflict correction as well as prescription correction (Rx). Many approaches are reported previously to solve AC conflict using variable focal lenses, however, very few of them included dynamic Rx correction. While AC correction requires only adjustment of focal plane, Rx correction requires simultaneous correction of focal length and astigmatism. In this report, we have shown concept, design, fabrication, and demonstration of liquid crystal based tunable lens that is capable of dynamic correction of both the issue without needing any mechanical moving parts. The device is lightweight, thin, flat, low voltage driven and has potential to replace the eyeglasses worn by the users with the HMDs.

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“…Contemporary applications of thermotropic liquid crystals are rapidly expanding. In addition to conventional liquid crystal displays (LCD) [1,2], liquid crystal technologies are very promising for the development of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) systems [3,4,5]. Numerous photonic and biomedical devices (filters [6], retarders and spatial light modulators [7], lenses [8], electrically controlled sensors [9], diffractive optics [10], and beam-steering devices [11,12]) rely on tunable optical elements made of liquid crystals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steady-State and Transient Electrical Properties of Liquid Crystal Cells

Garbovskiy

Webb

2022

The 3rd International Online Conference on Crystals

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Rapidly expanding and new applications of liquid crystal materials cover a wide range of technology products. A very incomplete list includes conventional and miniature high-resolution displays, AR/VR glasses, smart windows, dynamic lenses, tunable filters and retarders, electrically controlled sensors, reconfigurable antennas for wireless and space communications, and many other commercially available devices. The aforementioned devices are enabled by the collective reorientation of thermotropic molecular liquid crystals under the action of applied electric fields. The reorientation effects in liquid crystals can be altered by ionic contaminants typically present in mesogenic materials in small quantities. Therefore, information about ions in liquid crystals is very important because it allows for a proper selection of liquid crystal materials and uncompromised performance of liquid crystal devices. This information can be obtained by performing electrical measurements of liquid crystal materials. Measurements of basic electrical parameters (DC conductivity, charge mobility and ion density) are carried out using sandwich-like liquid crystal cells of finite thickness. Once a cell is filled with liquid crystal materials, interactions between ions and the cell substrates will result in the time dependence of the ion density and DC electrical conductivity until a steady state is reached. In this paper, we show how complementary information about ionic processes in liquid crystal cells can be obtained by analyzing their transient and steady state electrical properties.

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Liquid crystal technology for vergence-accommodation conflicts in augmented reality and virtual reality systems: a review

Cited by 38 publications

References 116 publications

A high birefringence liquid crystal for lenses with large aperture

A high birefringence liquid crystal for lenses with large aperture

80‐1: Invited Paper: Tunable liquid crystal lens for dynamic Prescription (Rx) correction and Accommodation‐Convergence (AC) conflict correction in AR/VR/3D HMDs

Steady-State and Transient Electrical Properties of Liquid Crystal Cells

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