Liquid paraffin as new dilution medium for the analysis of high boiling point residual solvents with static headspace-gas chromatography

Volatile sampling by headspace techniques

“…Matrix media include water, in case of water-soluble samples, and organic solvents, such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), in case of water-insoluble samples [17,18]. However, although this method proved to be suitable for most RSs, it is not sensitive enough for the analysis of high-boiling-point compounds, such as DMF, N,N-dimethylacetamide and DMSO, which can also be present as RSs in pharmaceutical products [19]. Moreover, due to their low vapor pressure, they possess high partition coefficients in most dilution media; their sensitive detection being challenging [20].…”

“…To overcome this drawback, the search for new solvents as dilution medium has attracted great interest. D'Autry et al [19] proved the utility of liquid paraffin as a new dilution medium for the analysis of these RSs. The optimized method showed lower limits of detection (LODs) (below 1 µg/vial for each compound) than those of Pharmacopoeia, with good accuracy and reproducibility.…”

Headspace gas chromatographic analysis of residual solvents in pharmaceuticals: comparison of two matrix media

“…The nature of the matrix medium is of primary importance as has an essential influence on the amount of the analytes in the headspace and thus on the determination sensitivity. For residual solvents determination in pharmaceuticals, water [8], dimethylsulfoxide [9,15], N,N-dimethylacetamide [16], N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) [15], benzyl alcohol [17], liquid paraffin [18] and ionic liquids [3,11] were suggested as matrix media. Recently, for residual solvents determination deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been proposed [7,8,19].…”

Overview of sample introduction techniques prior to GC for the analysis of volatiles in solid materials

“…Special attention has to be paid when large amounts of low boiling point substances are present in the sample matrix or when working with high boiling point analytes as these can hamper the sensitivity of the method. Different dilution media have been proposed to address this issue, such as liquid paraffin or ionic liquids . However, the dilution of the sample will inevitably lead to a loss of sensitivity being a major issue for determining analytes at low concentrations.…”