Liquid Perfluorochemical Inhibits Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression and Nitric Oxide Formation in Lipopolysaccharide-Treated RAW 264.7 Macrophages

Abstract

Abstract. Partial liquid ventilation with various types of perfluorocarbon (PFC) has been shown to be beneficial in treating acute lung injury, a clinical outcome that may involve the anti-inflammatory activity of PFC. FC-77 is a type of PFC with relatively higher vapor pressure and evaporative loss than other PFCs during partial liquid ventilation. Overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has been proposed to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. However, whether the iNOS/NO pathway is affected by FC-77 is unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether FC-77 inhibits iNOS expression and NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. We found that treatment with FC-77 significantly attenuated LPS-induced iNOS expression/activity and production of NO and reactive oxygen species (ROS). FC-77 also attenuated LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine formation, but enhanced interleukin-10 production. Furthermore, the LPS-induced degradation of cytosolic IκB-α and activation of nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) were also inhibited by FC-77. In conclusion, the present study is the first to demonstrate that FC-77 decreases LPS-induced NO production in macrophages, which may be associated with the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and ROS production, as well as NF-κB activation. These results also provide a novel explanation for its anti-inflammatory activity.

Potent Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Pyrenocine A Isolated from the Marine-Derived FungusPenicillium paxilliMa(G)K

“…Dexamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid with potent anti-inflammatory effects that is used as the first-line treatment for inflammatory diseases such as acute lung injury, asthma, and rheumatoid arthritis [31]. In addition to modulating inflammatory cytokines, some drugs have the ability to increase the synthesis of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10, which is a cytokine capable of indirectly mediating the synthesis of anti-inflammatory mediators, including various surface receptors [32]. Beside dexamethasone, compounds from plants, such as ursolic acid, have a potent anti-inflammatory effect an macrophages by promoting the inhibition of TNF- α , IL-1, and IL-6 from macrophages in the presence of LPS as well as costimulatory molecules (CD80 and CD86) in B cells and T cells proliferation.…”

Lemon Pepper Fruit Extract (<i>Zanthoxylum acanthopodium</i> DC.) Suppresses the Expression of Inflammatory Mediators in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Macrophages <i>In Vitro</i>

“…Meanwhile, LPS is widely recognized as the major inducer for the production of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-6, which in turn stimulates iNOS induction during the inflammatory process in macrophages (Chang et al, 2009). Our results suggest that LPFE may reduce the production of TNF-α and IL-6, subsequently leading to the blockade of inflammatory enzyme induction (iNOS and COX-2).…”

Inhibitory Effect of the Culture Broth Extract of Aspergillus tamarii on Nitric Oxide Production and Its Antioxidative Activity

“…TNF-α induces an increase in the permeability of local vascular endothelial cells and enhances the movement of cells from the vasculature into the tissues (Kumar et al, 2007;Doan et al, 2008). The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) induces NO production and inflammation (Chang et al, 2009;Kindt et al, 2007). Thus, the inhibitory effect of CE on nitric oxide production was measured to examine the role of CE as an antiinflammatory material.…”