Liquid sample introduction in gas chromatography

Chromatopyrography for polymer characterization

“…We felt that an on-line process, which could be carried out in the carrier gas flow system, would be more desirable than elimination of the volatiles by extraction or use of a waiting period. Chromatopyrography (7)(8)(9)(10)(11) is such a process.…”

“…The CPG approach effectively meets a number of requirements. First, the labyrinth-type design of the injection port is such that sample losses do not occur due to back flush of the carrier gas (9). During sample insertion, the carrier gas is momentarily released into the atmosphere along the outermost peripheral edge of the in-…”

“…And the fast vaporization results in sharp peaks and a stable recorder baseline during sample insertion. Meeting all of these conditions means CPG can also be used for the direct introduction of heterogeneous viscous liquid samples for GC analysis (9), simplified headspace-type analysis, and splitless sample injection for capillary GC (9).…”

Electroanalysis with Pure, Chemically Modified and Sol-Gel-Derived Silica-Based Materials

“…Using a transparent indium-tin oxide electrode (instead of graphite), this behavior was exploited for the spectroelectrochemical sensing of the rhenium complex by probing the interaction of the in situ electrogenerated chromophore [Re II (DMPE) 3 ] 2 with the evanescent ®eld of light of a selected wavelength [154]. Later on, miniaturization was achieved by coating a carbon-®ber microelectrode with the Na®on-silica composite [207]. The device was able to get access to speciation of both forms of the [Re I (DMPE) 3 ] a[Re II (DMPE) 3 ] 2 redox couple thus being promising for further determination of in vivo speciation of redox couples.…”