Lissencephaly in a Pekingese

Shimbo, Genya; Tagawa, Michihito; Oohashi, Eiji; Yanagawa, Masashi; Miyahara, Koshiro

doi:10.1292/jvms.17-0271

Cited by 3 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Neuro-ophthalmological abnormalities have been poorly characterized in dogs with lissencephaly. Central blindness was previously reported [7,9]. We detected central blindness in three out of four dogs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Malformations of cortical development have rarely been reported in dogs, but epileptic seizures seem to be a frequent clinical sign in affected dogs [7,9,10]. Lissencephaly represents an uncommon disorder of the cortical gyration in dogs [7,9,10]. Lissencephaly without concurrent intracranial malformations was described in Lhasa Apso dogs, in an Australian Kelpie dog and in a small mixed-breed dog [7,10,12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The onset of seizures was at the age of 6, 9, 12 and 24 months. Previous studies have reported the onset of seizures in dogs between the age of approximately 12 months and 5 years in two Lhasa Apso [7,8], one Pekingese [9], one Australian Kelpie [10], and one mixed-breed dog [12]. In humans with lissencephaly, approximately 83% of patients experience earlyonset seizures earlier than 7-months-old [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Muscular dystrophy, ocular alterations, obstructive hydrocephalus, and malformation of the brainstem and cerebellum are often associated with cobblestone lissencephaly [4][5][6]. Lissencephaly has been described in Lhasa Apso [7,8], Pekingese [9], Australian Kelpie [10], Wire-haired Fox Terrier [11], Irish Setter [11], and mixed-breed dogs [12]. In humans, lissencephaly is associated with gene mutations related to brain development or cerebral metabolism [1,5,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lissencephaly in Shih Tzu dogs

et al. 2020

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Background: Lissencephaly is a brain malformation characterized by smooth and thickened cerebral surface, which may result in structural epilepsy. Lissencephaly is not common in veterinary medicine. Here, we characterize the first cases of lissencephaly in four Shih Tzu dogs, including clinical presentations and findings of magnetic resonance imaging of lissencephaly and several concomitant brain malformations. Case presentation: Early-onset acute signs of forebrain abnormalities were observed in all dogs, which were mainly cluster seizures and behavioral alterations. Based on neurological examination, the findings were consistent with symmetrical and bilateral forebrain lesions. Metabolic disorders and inflammatory diseases were excluded. Magnetic resonance imaging for three dogs showed diffuse neocortical agyria and thickened gray matter while one dog had mixed agyria and pachygyria. Other features, such as internal hydrocephalus, supracollicular fluid accumulation, and corpus callosum hypoplasia, were detected concomitantly. Antiepileptic drugs effectively controlled cluster seizures, however, sporadic isolated seizures and signs of forebrain abnormalities, such as behavioral alterations, central blindness, and strabismus persisted. Conclusions: Lissencephaly should be considered an important differential diagnosis in Shih Tzu dogs presenting with early-onset signs of forebrain abnormalities, including cluster seizures and behavioral alterations. Magnetic resonance imaging was appropriate for ante-mortem diagnosis of lissencephaly and associated cerebral anomalies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lissencephaly in Shih Tzu dogs

et al. 2020

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Corpus Callosum and Cerebellum Anomaly in a Puppy

Volkan¹,

Kaplan

Aynur

2020

Acta Veterinaria

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This paper is aimed to present a corpus callosum and cerebellar anomaly with pathological findings in a 40-day-old, male, Golden Retriever puppy. It was stated that the dog rapidly deteriorated and died. On necropsy, after opening the skull, it was observed that the brain and cerebellum hemispheres were separated. In the detailed macroscopic examination, it was observed that the corpus callosum, interthalamic connections, which connect the brain hemispheres, were completely separated from each other. It was observed that the corpus callosum was more prominent in the right hemisphere but the anatomical structures of the left hemisphere were not evident. It was also observed that the hemispheres of the cerebellum were almost completely separated from the vermis region. It has been observed that brain connections can be achieved only by attachment between the midbrain and pons and continuing with the pons. Microscopic examination revealed no inflammatory reactions in the brain and cerebellum. Corpus callosum and cerebellar vermis anomalies in dogs have been reported before. However, split brain syndrome characterized by the loss of almost all connections of the brain and cerebellum in such severity that was observed in this case has not been previously reported.

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Malformation of the Cortical Development Associated with Severe Clusters of Epileptic Seizures

Cocchetto

Gallucci²,

Biggio³

et al. 2022

Veterinary Sciences

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Three cases of the malformation of the cortical development are described: a mixed breed dog and a Border Collie pup with a focal and diffuse cortical dysplasia, respectively, and a kitten with lissencephaly. All cases presented with intractable epilepsy and were euthanized, due to the cluster of epileptic seizures. The gross examination at necropsy revealed the morphologic alteration of the telencephalic region in two cases. Histopathologically, a disorganization of the cortical lamination with the presence of megalic neurons, was found in the focal cortical dysplasia case. An altered organization of the white and gray matter, with a loss of the normal neuronal distribution and altered neurons, characterized the diffuse cortical dysplasia case. In the lissencephalic cat, there was no recognizable organization of the brain with areas of neuroglial tissue forming nodules in the leptomeningeal space. We strongly support the hypothesis that, as in humans, as well as in the veterinary patients, malformations of the cortical development could be the cause of refractory epilepsy.

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Lissencephaly in a Pekingese

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

Lissencephaly in Shih Tzu dogs

Lissencephaly in Shih Tzu dogs

Corpus Callosum and Cerebellum Anomaly in a Puppy

Malformation of the Cortical Development Associated with Severe Clusters of Epileptic Seizures

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