1999
DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(99)00189-9
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Lithium insertion into host materials: the key to success for Li ion batteries

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Cited by 258 publications
(144 citation statements)
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“…The four basic materials used on the cathode side are lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), lithium nickel oxide (LNO), spinel lithium manganese oxide (LMO) and lithium iron phosphate (LFP). Due to the high costs of pure LCO [39], its low thermal stability and fast capacity loss at high currents [39] as well as the lifetime issues of LNO [40], mixtures of the first three materials are often used, namely lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA) and especially lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC). The ratio of the materials in NMC can be chosen in a wide range in cell design.…”
Section: Deep Temperaturementioning
confidence: 99%
“…The four basic materials used on the cathode side are lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), lithium nickel oxide (LNO), spinel lithium manganese oxide (LMO) and lithium iron phosphate (LFP). Due to the high costs of pure LCO [39], its low thermal stability and fast capacity loss at high currents [39] as well as the lifetime issues of LNO [40], mixtures of the first three materials are often used, namely lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA) and especially lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC). The ratio of the materials in NMC can be chosen in a wide range in cell design.…”
Section: Deep Temperaturementioning
confidence: 99%
“…De fato, segundo Broussely et al 29 , os valores médios de capacidade a serem considerados em um dispositivo estão em torno de 140 e 350 A h kg -1 , para o cátodo e o ânodo, respectivamente.…”
Section: Baterias Secundárias De Lítiounclassified
“…Entretanto, a síntese estequiométrica desse material é um tanto complexa, e seu comportamento eletroquímico é fortemente dependente da existência de defeitos estruturais formados durante este processo [39][40][41] . Além disso, sob extensiva deintercalação (na qual x se aproxima de zero e o estado de valência do níquel se torna próximo de 4+) os íons níquel migram de seus sítios para as vacâncias deixadas pelos íons lítio.…”
Section: Materiais Catódicos Materiais Inorgânicos: óXidos De Metais unclassified
“…Particularly, olivine structured materials (LiMPO 4 ) are expected to bring an improvement in cycling stability and enhance the power due to the reduction of the lithium-ion diffusion length. The performance of cathode materials can be improved by doping, but the interpretation of doping effects can be complicated due to the interrelations between doping, microstructure and morphology, since the microstructure formed can be affected by the dopant addition [12][13][14][15]. This paper deals with the synthesis and characterization of LiNi 1 − x Mg x PO 4 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15) obtained by solid state reaction method.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%