Lithofacies, depositional environments, regional biostratigraphy and age of the Chitarwata Formation in the Bugti Hills, Balochistan, Pakistan

Métais, Grégoire; Antoine, Pierre‐Olivier; Baqri, Syed Rafiqul Hassan; Crochet, Jean-Yves; Franceschi, Darío De; Marivaux, Laurent; Welcomme, Jean‐Loup

doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2008.04.006

Cited by 60 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Furthermore, the co-occurrence at Moroto of taxa of Eurasian origin, such as the ruminant cetartiodactyl Walangania africanus and the cricetodontid rodent Notocricetodon (39, 53), implies strong land connections occurred between Afro-Arabia and Asia earlier than 20.6 Ma. This statement was recently substantiated by the coeval occurrence of proboscideans (with deinotheriid Prodeinotherium and gomphotheriid elephantoids) of African origin along with bothriodontine anthracotheres in the earliest Miocene faunas of the Bugti Hills, Pakistan (54,55). This result indicates that some anthracotheriid exchanges may have preceded the main faunal interchange by several million years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Early Miocene hippopotamids (Cetartiodactyla) constrain the phylogenetic and spatiotemporal settings of hippopotamid origin

Orliac

Boisserie

MacLatchy

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The affinities of the Hippopotamidae are at the core of the phylogeny of Cetartiodactyla (even-toed mammals: cetaceans, ruminants, camels, suoids, and hippos). Molecular phylogenies support Cetacea as sister group of the Hippopotamidae, implying a long ghost lineage between the earliest cetaceans (∼53 Ma) and the earliest hippopotamids (∼16 Ma). Morphological studies have proposed two different sister taxa for hippopotamids: suoids (notably palaeochoerids) or anthracotheriids. Evaluating these phylogenetic hypotheses requires substantiating the poorly known early history of the Hippopotamidae. Here, we undertake an original morphological phylogenetic analysis including several “suiform” families and previously unexamined early Miocene taxa to test previous conflicting hypotheses. According to our results, Morotochoerus ugandensis and Kulutherium rusingensis , until now regarded as the sole African palaeochoerid and the sole African bunodont anthracotheriid, respectively, are unambiguously included within the Hippopotamidae. They are the earliest known hippopotamids and set the family fossil record back to the early Miocene (∼21 Ma). The analysis reveals that hippopotamids displayed an unsuspected taxonomic and body size diversity and remained restricted to Africa during most of their history, until the latest Miocene. Our results also confirm the deep nesting of Hippopotamidae within the paraphyletic Anthracotheriidae; this finding allows us to reconstruct the sequence of dental innovations that links advanced selenodont anthracotheriids to hippopotamids, previously a source of major disagreements on hippopotamid origins. The analysis demonstrates a close relationship between Eocene choeropotamids and anthracotheriids, a relationship that potentially fills the evolutionary gap between earliest hippopotamids and cetaceans implied by molecular analyses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Early Miocene hippopotamids (Cetartiodactyla) constrain the phylogenetic and spatiotemporal settings of hippopotamid origin

Orliac

Boisserie

MacLatchy

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Sediments that were eroded from the early western Himalayan orogenic highlands during Eocene to early Miocene times were deposited in the Indo-Pakistani western Himalayan foreland basin (Bossart & Ottiger 1989;Burbank et al 1996;Pivnik & Wells 1996;Najman et al 1997), in the Sulaiman fold and thrust belt (Waheed & Wells 1990;Jadoon et al 1994a;Métais et al 2009), in the Katawaz remnant ocean to form a delta-submarine-fan complex (Qayyum et al 1996) and in the deep marine Indus fan (Clift et al 2001b) (Figs 1 and 2). We sampled 17 sandstones and 16 mudstones from early Eocene to early Miocene deposits of the Bugti hills in the Sulaiman fold and thrust belt (Fig.…”

Section: Geological Background and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent biostratigraphic studies of sedimentary rocks within the Sulaiman fold and thrust belt of Pakistan revealed the presence of shallow marine Eocene deposits, deltaic early Oligocene deposits and continental late Oligocene to early Miocene deposits (De Franceschi et al 2008;Métais et al 2009) that provide a unique opportunity to add to understanding of early orogenic growth. Based on clay mineralogy, Nd-Sr isotopic compositions and heavy mineral assemblages, the present study is aimed at determining the provenance and erosional history of the western Himalaya and nature of the Indus drainage basin during this period.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Provenance of Cenozoic sedimentary rocks from the Sulaiman fold and thrust belt, Pakistan: implications for the palaeogeography of the Indus drainage system

Roddaz

Said

Guillot

et al. 2011

JGS

Self Cite

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The provenance of middle Eocene to early Miocene sedimentary rocks cropping out in the Sulaiman fold and thrust belt has been determined examining the mineralogy, bulk-rock major and trace elements, and Nd-Sr isotopes. The older (50-30 Ma) deposits are characterized by a mixed orogenic provenance with a major contribution from the Karakorum and the Tethyan belt (c. 80%). As the 50-30 Ma deposits have a provenance distinct from that of coeval Subathu, Khojak and Ghazij shallow marine formations of India and Pakistan, we propose that they were deposited as a distinct delta system that once fed the Palaeo-Indus fan. We document a major change in provenance that occurred before the early-late Oligocene transition at c. 30 Ma. This change in provenance is marked by the appearance of chlorite and monazite and a shift toward more radiogenic Nd-Sr isotopic compositions. We interpret this change as the result of the exhumation and erosion of the proto-Higher Himalaya. The 30-15 Ma sampled rocks are characterized by a major contribution from the Tethyan belt and the Higher Himalayan Crystallines (70-90%) and a subordinate contribution (10-30%) from the Karakorum, Ophiolitic Suture and Trans-Himalaya. As the åNd(0) values of our 30-15 Ma samples are similar to those of the Palaeo-Indus fan deposits, we suggest that the 30-15 Ma sedimentary rocks of the Sulaiman fold and thrust belt were the fluvial onshore record of the Indus fan. Other coeval deposits of India and Pakistan recorded similar increasing exhumation of the Higher Himalaya range, so that we postulate that these sedimentary rocks all derived from the Palaeo-Indus drainage basin. This would suggest that the modern Indus drainage basin is no younger than 30 Ma.

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“…Pseudocricetodon reached the Bugti area using a land connection between its Asian heartland and the Indian continent ( fig. 4 in Métais et al 2009) and migrated into the Balkan using the Iranian-Anatolian route. Diatomyid rodents probably used the same land connections to migrate from Asia into India and the Balkan.…”

Section: Biogeographymentioning

confidence: 99%

On a new diatomyid (Rodentia, Mammalia) from the Paleogene of south-east Serbia, the first record of the family in Europe

Marković

Wessels

Weerd

et al. 2017

Palaeobio Palaeoenv

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A new diatomyid genus and species, Inopinatia balkanica, from the early Oligocene of south-east Serbia is described, and the affinities between the Diatomyidae and Ctenodactylidae are discussed. Inopinatia balkanica nov. gen. nov. sp. seems to have retained its deciduous teeth throughout life just as all other species of the family. The only other diatomyid described from outside south-east Asia which is Pierremus explorator López-Antoñanzas, 2010 is transferred to the thryonomyid species Paraphiomys knolli López-Antoñanzas and Sen, 2005.

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Lithofacies, depositional environments, regional biostratigraphy and age of the Chitarwata Formation in the Bugti Hills, Balochistan, Pakistan

Cited by 60 publications

References 43 publications

Early Miocene hippopotamids (Cetartiodactyla) constrain the phylogenetic and spatiotemporal settings of hippopotamid origin

Early Miocene hippopotamids (Cetartiodactyla) constrain the phylogenetic and spatiotemporal settings of hippopotamid origin

Provenance of Cenozoic sedimentary rocks from the Sulaiman fold and thrust belt, Pakistan: implications for the palaeogeography of the Indus drainage system

On a new diatomyid (Rodentia, Mammalia) from the Paleogene of south-east Serbia, the first record of the family in Europe

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