Lithogenic sediment on Arctic pack ice: Potential aeolian flux and contribution to deep sea sediments

Pfirman, Stephanie; Wollenburg, Ingo; Thiede, Jörn; Lange, Manfred A.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-0995-3_19

Cited by 40 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Dowdeswell & Dowdeswell ; Pfirman et al . ; Hebbeln ). Sea‐ice can transport sediments of any grain‐size (e.g.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ice‐rafting patterns on the western Svalbard slope 74–0 ka: interplay between ice‐sheet activity, climate and ocean circulation

Jessen¹,

Rasmussen

2018

Boreas

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The distribution of ice‐rafted detritus (IRD) is studied in three cores from the western Svalbard slope (1130–1880 m water depth, 76–78°N) covering the period 74–0 ka. The aim was to provide new insight into the dynamics of the Svalbard–Barents Sea Ice Sheet during Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 4–1 to get a better understanding of ice‐sheet interactions with changes in ocean circulation and climate on orbital and millennial (Dansgaard–Oeschger events of stadial–interstadial) time scales. The results show that concentration, flux, composition and grain‐size of IRD vary with climate and ocean temperature on both orbital and millennial time scales. The IRD consists mainly of fragments of siltstones and mono‐crystalline transparent quartz (referred to as ‘quartz’). IRD dominated by siltstones has a local Svalbard–Barents Sea source, while IRD dominated by quartz is from distant sources. Local siltstone‐rich IRD predominates in warmer climatic phases (interstadials), while the proportion of allochthonous quartz‐rich IRD increases in cold phases (glacials and stadials/Heinrich events). During the Last Glacial Maximum and early deglaciation at 24–16.1 ka, the quartz content reached up to >90%. In warm climate, local iceberg calving apparently increased and the warmer ocean surface caused faster melting. During the glacial maxima (MIS 4 and MIS 2) and during cold stadials and Heinrich events, the local ice‐sheets must have been relatively stable with low ablation. During ice retreat phases of the MIS 4/3 and MIS 2/1 transitions, maxima in IRD deposition were dominated by local coarse‐grained IRD. These maxima correlate with episodes of climate warming, indicating a rapid, stepwise retreat of the Svalbard–Barents Sea Ice Sheet in phase with millennial‐scale climate oscillations.

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“…Dowdeswell & Dowdeswell ; Pfirman et al . ; Hebbeln ). Sea‐ice can transport sediments of any grain‐size (e.g.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The grain-size of 500 lm was chosen as the cut-off size, because IRD coarser than 500 lm is generally considered to be mainly iceberg rafted (e.g. Dowdeswell & Dowdeswell 1989;Pfirman et al 1989;Hebbeln 2000). Sea-ice can transport sediments of any grain-size (e.g.…”

Section: Grain-size Of Irdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ice‐rafting patterns on the western Svalbard slope 74–0 ka: interplay between ice‐sheet activity, climate and ocean circulation

Jessen¹,

Rasmussen

2018

Boreas

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“…Heinrich layer h3 is different in many respects. It has the highest total terrigenous lipid concentration (Figure 8d An alternative to the wind deposition model for the input of terrigenous material to this core is deposition from sea ice [Pfirman et al, 1989]. Thus wind-eroded terrigenous material deposited on near-shore sea ice could be transported to the coring site in a fashion similar to that of ice-rafted debris.…”

Section: Madureira Et Al: Northeast Ati_••c High-resolution Biomarkementioning

confidence: 99%

Late Quaternary high‐resolution biomarker and other sedimentary climate proxies in a Northeast Atlantic Core

Madureira¹,

Kreveld²,

Eglinton³

et al. 1997

Paleoceanography

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Abstract. We studied variations in terrigenous input and sea surface temperature over the last 208 ka using a multiproxy approach, involving direct comparison of terrigenous and marine molecular biomarker, foraminiferal abundance, and other sedimentological data for the same horizons in a single northeast Atlantic core (core T88-9P; 48o23 ' N, 25o05 ' W, 3193 m water depth, 790 cm core length) with a well-resolved •5180 stratigraphy. The abundances of three landderived, long-chain compound classes, the n-alkanes (C27, C29, and C 3 l), the n-alkanoic acids (C24, C26, and C28), and the n-alkanols (C24, C26, and C28) show glacial/interglacial related changes in the past 208 ka which generally parallel the weight percent noncarbonate. The abundances of these three compound classes are higher in glacial than in interglacial sediments. Such changes are consistent with the expected higher dust inputs during glaciations as well as enhanced advection of particulate matter in current systems. Ice-rafted debris (Heinrich events) may also contribute to the terrigenous biomarker record. The sea surface temperature (SST) signals derived from the alkenone unsaturation index (uK'37) give an average SST during interglacial periods of 13øC, which is about 3-4øC higher than the average glacial SST estimate. The uK'37 -derived SST values dropped markedly in some Heinrich layers, while sometimes leading the onset of the layer; the percent Neogloboquadrina pachyderma(s), which is another frequently used qualitative temperature proxy, generally shows maxima coinciding with the layers. Our results show that most Heinrich layers were produced during times of intensely cold waters in the eastern North Atlantic. They demonstrate that sufficient alkenones are present in the sediments for alkenone stratigraphy to be used as a tool for the assessment of short-term variations in sea surface temperatures even in these oligotrophic North Atlantic waters.

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“…3 -Blackish cryoconite materials, accumulated on the bare glacier surface (frequently on the bottom of a typical "hole structure" according to Pfirman et al, 1989) were also investigated. Their clay mineralogy (Table 2-C) points out that all cryoconites are mixtures, in variable proportions, of two end-members: Saharan dust and till deposits.…”

Section: Clay Mineralogy Of Alpine Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogy and Source of High Altitude Glacial Deposits in the Western Alps: Clay Minerals as Saharan Dust Tracers

Tomadin

Wagenbach

Landuzzi³

1996

Environmental Science and Technology Library

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Variable amounts of Saharan dust deposit on the glaciers of the Alps, fonning thin layers or mixing with local pre-existent sediments. To investigate the mineralogical composition and the source of the deposits, samples of Saharan dust, fine-grained tills and cryoconite accumulations were collected on the surface of the glaciers and/or in ice-cores. The fractionation of the samples and the bulk mineralogy allow a sharp differentiation among the different deposits. Only the clay mineralogy, however, points out the fundamental characteristics of the finest fractions of the deposited materials. Typical clay mineral assemblages were recognised in the Alpine glacial deposits, giving evidence of the different provenance of the materials. Reddish-yellow Saharan dust exhibits prevailing amounts of kaolinite and poorly-crystallised illite, with lower quantities of palygorskite and chlorite. Olive-greyish tills, connected to the local morainic deposits, are mainly composed by high percentages of wellcrystallised mica associated with lesser chlorite and serpentine. Blackish cryoconite accumulations are mixture, in variable proportions, of both Saharan dust and local tills. The mineralogical data clearly differentiate distal and proximal sources of mineral particles deposited on Alpine glaciers.

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Lithogenic sediment on Arctic pack ice: Potential aeolian flux and contribution to deep sea sediments

Cited by 40 publications

References 70 publications

Ice‐rafting patterns on the western Svalbard slope 74–0 ka: interplay between ice‐sheet activity, climate and ocean circulation

Ice‐rafting patterns on the western Svalbard slope 74–0 ka: interplay between ice‐sheet activity, climate and ocean circulation

Late Quaternary high‐resolution biomarker and other sedimentary climate proxies in a Northeast Atlantic Core

Mineralogy and Source of High Altitude Glacial Deposits in the Western Alps: Clay Minerals as Saharan Dust Tracers

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