Livelihood Diversification Strategies to Climate Change among Smallholder Farmers in Northern Ghana

Asravor, Richard Kofi

doi:10.1002/jid.3330

Cited by 62 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Many empirical studies ( Ibekwe, 2010 ; Sallawu et al., 2016 ) have established a positive relationship between education and participation in non-farm income. Additionally, in Ghana, Asravor (2017) have reported a positive influence of educational attainment on income diversification, confirming the results of this study. Similarly, the coefficient of the number of years farmers have worked in crop farm is significant and positively signed suggesting that farmers with long-term experience in their farm have higher propensity to engage in non-farm activities compared with those who have short-term experience.…”

Section: Empirical Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In the Ghanaian context, although agriculture is a prominent income generating industry for many households and contributes significantly to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the sector is plaque with numerous challenges. Key among these challenges is low adoption of productivity-enhancing inputs, access to financial credit, issues of climate change, missing and incomplete market ( Asravor, 2017 ). Therefore, the search for alternative ways of generating income to overcome liquidity constraint and to smoothing income is critical to the rural-poor households.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, income diversification strategies have been widely established in order to address the credit constraints of smallholder farmers and improve productivity by increasing the intensity of agricultural technology adoption ( Reardon et al., 2007 ). Available evidence in Ghana ( Agyeman et al., 2014 ; Asravor, 2017 ; Dagunga et al., 2018 ) suggests an increase in income diversification among smallholder farmers. Though rural households in Northern Ghana are considered vulnerable to climate change challenges and have a high level of poverty and food insecurity, they are fairly diverse ( Ghana Statistical Service, 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rural non-farm income diversification: implications on smallholder farmers' welfare and agricultural technology adoption in Ghana

Danso-Abbeam

Dagunga

Ehiakpor

2020

Heliyon

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This study explored the potential impact of rural non-farm income diversification on households' welfare and adoption of Zai-technology (a proxy for agricultural technology adoption) using primary data collected from agricultural households in the Upper East region of Ghana. We used Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and Inverse-Probability-weighted Regression Adjustment (IPWRA) techniques to estimate welfare and Zai-technology impacts of non-farm income diversification. After controlling for differences in covariates, the results show that non-farm income diversification increases the likelihood of Zai-technology adoption and contributes to significant household welfare gains. We therefore suggest that the activities of agricultural extension services and farmer-based organizations (FBOs) be enhanced as they facilitate the diversification of non-farm incomes, thereby increasing investment in productivity-enhancing technologies ( Zai ) and household welfare.

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Section: Empirical Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rural non-farm income diversification: implications on smallholder farmers' welfare and agricultural technology adoption in Ghana

Danso-Abbeam

Dagunga

Ehiakpor

2020

Heliyon

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“…Indeed, a substantial body of literature has deepened our understanding of climate change (Bindoff et al., 2013; IPCC, 2014, 2018). In Ghana, studies have extensively examined climate change impacts and adaptation strategies (Adu et al., 2018; Asravor, 2017; Gyampoh et al., 2009; Nkegbe et al., 2017; Wossen and Berger, 2015; Yaro et al., 2014). Other studies have also analyzed monthly, seasonal and/or annual trends of rainfall and temperature (Campion and Venzke, 2013; Issahaku et al., 2016; Kabo-Bah et al., 2016; Logah et al., 2013; Nkrumah et al., 2014; Nyatuame et al., 2014), while others have examined climate change perceptions (Acquah et al., 2015; Cobbinah and Anane, 2016; Limantol et al., 2016; Ndamani and Watanabe, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing smallholder farmers’ climate change perception with climate data: the case of Adansi North District of Ghana

Asare‐Nuamah

Botchway

2019

Heliyon

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This study adopted mixed methods design and employed questionnaire and interview to investigate climate trends and smallholder farmers' perception of climate change as well as the relationship between climate data and farmers' perception, and the determinants of perception in Adansi North District of Ghana. The study randomly and purposively selected 378 respondents and 41 key informants, respectively. Descriptive, inferential, trend and thematic analysis were employed. Results showed that the majority of smallholder farmers have observed increase in intensity (96.8%) and duration (94.7%) of temperature, and delay onset (82.8%) and early cessation (89.2%) of rainfall as well as increase in wind intensity (79.4%). Climate data also revealed rising trends of rainfall, wind speed and temperature. Nevertheless, there was no significant relationship between farmers' perception and climate data. Information from family and friends and government, particularly local institutions and extension service significantly influence farmers' perception. In addition, television and radio were significant predictors of farmers’ perception. The study recommends intensification of climate education, mass awareness and capacity development programmes.

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“…Generally, [28] hinted that climate change pose a threat to poverty reduction in northern Ghana. Also, [42] estimated that higher climate variability is associated with lower per capita consumption in Ghana.…”

Section: Grouped Decomposition Of Gender Welfare Gapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Climate Shocks and Climate Adaptation through Livelihood Diversification on Gendered Welfare Gaps in Northern Ghana

Adzawla

Kane

2019

IJECC

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Globally, addressing poverty levels and inequality remained one of the topmost priorities and has been accorded the first position in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Although Ghana as a whole is faring well in poverty reduction over the past decades, poverty levels and inequalities remains high in the northern parts. This study analysed the gendered welfare gap and the effects of climate change and livelihood diversification on the welfare gap. Through multistage sampling, 432 households were selected and interviewed using a questionnaire. A selectivity bias corrected Oaxaca Blinder model was estimated using household per capita consumption expenditure as a measure of households’ welfare. The result shows that there is a significant welfare gap of $45.85 (GH₵211.85), an equivalent of 11.4% between male headed and female headed households. Controlling for selectivity bias revealed that the observed gender welfare gap was underestimated. Livelihood diversification had positive significant effect on the explained component of gender welfare gap. Climate change/variability had positive significant effect on welfare gap through the explained component and a negative significant effect through the unexplained component. Therefore, observed climate change and variability led to an increase in gender welfare gap by 64.62%, while the unobservable returns from climate factors contributed to a reduction in gender welfare gap by 193.26%. Since addressing unobservable climate factors is limited, there is the need to improve the climate characteristics of women. Although livelihood diversification is a necessary condition, policies such as training and education that would ensure that females also have higher returns from such strategies are sufficient to address gender welfare gaps. To improve the welfare of farmers in the midst of climate change, animal rearing should be promoted among maize crop farmers. Similarly, government’s policy of one district one factory should consider improving agro-processing opportunities in the region into commercial activities.

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Livelihood Diversification Strategies to Climate Change among Smallholder Farmers in Northern Ghana

Cited by 62 publications

References 31 publications

Rural non-farm income diversification: implications on smallholder farmers' welfare and agricultural technology adoption in Ghana

Rural non-farm income diversification: implications on smallholder farmers' welfare and agricultural technology adoption in Ghana

Comparing smallholder farmers’ climate change perception with climate data: the case of Adansi North District of Ghana

Effects of Climate Shocks and Climate Adaptation through Livelihood Diversification on Gendered Welfare Gaps in Northern Ghana

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